| Rfc | 3441 |
|---|
| Title | Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Package for the Media Gateway
Control Protocol (MGCP) |
|---|
| Author | R. Kumar |
|---|
| Date | January 2003 |
|---|
| Format: | TXT, HTML |
|---|
| Status: | INFORMATIONAL |
|---|
|
Network Working Group R. Kumar
Request for Comments: 3441 Cisco Systems
Category: Informational January 2003
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Package
for the Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document describes an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) package
for the Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP). This package includes
new Local Connection Options, ATM-specific events and signals, and
ATM connection parameters. Also included is a description of codec
and profile negotiation. It extends the MGCP that is currently being
deployed in a number of products. Implementers should be aware of
developments in the IETF Megaco Working Group and ITU SG16, which are
currently working on a potential successor to this protocol.
Table of Contents
1.0 Conventions Used in this Document..............................2
2.0 Introduction...................................................2
3.0 Local Connection Options.......................................3
3.1 ATM Bearer Connection.........................................4
3.2 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)....................................8
3.3 Service Layer................................................15
3.4 ATM Bearer Traffic Management................................19
3.5 AAL Dimensioning.............................................27
4.0 Signals and Events.............................................30
5.0 Connection Parameters..........................................35
6.0 Negotiation of Profiles and Codecs in ATM Applications.........37
6.1 Consistency of Parameters...................................37
6.2 Codec/Profile Negotiation in ATM Networks...................38
7.0 Security Considerations.......................................45
8.0 IANA Considerations...........................................45
9.0 References....................................................45
10.0 Acronyms......................................................48
11.0 Acknowledgements..............................................49
12.0 Author's Address..............................................49
13.0 Full Copyright Statement......................................50
1.0 Conventions Used in this Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119.
MGCP identifiers are case-insensitive. This includes package names,
event names, local connection options and other elements of the MGCP
header.
2.0 Introduction
The Media Gateway Control Protocol or MGCP [36] is used to control
voice media gateways from external call control elements. Even
though the bearer network might be IP, ATM, TDM or a mix of these,
MGCP is transported over IP. Packages such as the MGCP CAS packages
[38] are modular sets of parameters such as connection options,
signal, event and statistics definitions that can be used to extend
it into specific contexts. A related, IP-based mechanism for the
description of ATM connections [18] has been generated by the IETF
MMUSIC group. Due to the IP-centric nature of all aspects of the
MGCP device control protocol, and for consistency with other MGCP
package definitions, it is desirable to publish the MGCP ATM package
in an IETF document.
MGCP [36] allows the auditing of endpoints for package versions
supported. The package version for the MGCP ATM package, as
specified in this document, is 0. Even if the ATM package is the
default package for some endpoints, the package prefix "atm" shall
not be omitted in local connection option names, event names, signal
names etc. If the ATM package is the default package for an
endpoint, it will be listed as the first package in the audit
response list. It is not necessary for the MGCP ATM package to be
the default package for ATM to be supported on an endpoint.
The ATM package in this document consists of Local Connection Options
(Section 3.0), Events and Signals (Section 4.0) and ATM Statistics
Parameters (Section 5.0). Section 6.1 has guidelines for consistency
in the use of Local Connection Options. Section 6.2 describes codec
and profile negotiation. Section 7.0 addresses security
considerations.
In the ATM networks addressed in this document, services are carried
directly over ATM without an intervening IP layer. The Local
Connection Options, Events, Signals and Statistics Parameters
described in this section are not needed for VoIP calls which can be
carried, in whole or in part, over an ATM network. In that case, the
constructs defined elsewhere for IP are sufficient.
The ATM local connection option names, event names and signal names
MUST always have an "atm" package prefix. Backward compatibility
with older implementations that use X-atm as the package name is
desirable.
MGCP grammar [36] must be followed with regard to the use of white
spaces. The examples in this document attempt to follow MGCP grammar
in this and all other respects.
3.0 Local Connection Options
The Local Connection Options (LCOs) defined in this section are
specific to ATM applications. Like other LCOs, these can be used in
commands to create connections, modify connections and audit
connections. However, unless noted otherwise below, they are not to
be returned when an endpoint is audited for capabilities.
ATM Local Connection Options are divided into the following
categories: ATM bearer connection, ATM adaptation layer, service
layer, ATM bearer traffic management and AAL dimensioning.
When parameter values are represented in decimal format, leading
zeros are omitted.
3.1 ATM Bearer Connection
These local connection options are used to parameterize ATM bearer
connections.
TABLE 1: Local Connection Options for ATM Bearers
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| LCO | Meaning | Values |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| ct | Connection |AAL1, AAL1_SDT, AAL1_UDT, AAL2, AAL3/4,|
| | Type |AAL5, USER_DEFINED_AAL |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| vc |VC/Bearer type | PVC, SVC, CID |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| se | Enable path | on, off |
| | set-up | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| ci | Connection | See below |
| | Element | |
| | Identifier | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
Connection type (ct): This parameter describes the ATM adaptation
layer. The values that can be assigned to it are: AAL1, AAL1_SDT,
AAL1_UDT, AAL2, AAL3/4, AAL5 and USER_DEFINED_AAL. The user defined
adaptation layer is per amendment 2 of ITU-T Q.2931.
Type of Bearer/VC (vc): This indicates whether a PVC, CID or an SVC
is to be used for an ATM connection. Possible values are: PVC, SVC
or CID. Omitting this parameter will result in the use of a default,
which could be embedded or provisioned. The value "PVC" covers both
classical PVCs and SPVCs. The value "CID" covers subchannels within
AAL1 [35] and AAL2 [10] virtual circuits. A value of "SVC" for
atm/vc does not necessarily imply that the addressed media gateway
should initiate signaling for bearer set-up, since this might be done
by another node such as the far-end media gateway.
Enable path set-up (se): This local connection option is used to
explicitly enable or disable the use of bearer signaling for path
set-up. Permitted values of this local connection option are "on"
and "off". Examples of bearer signaling are SVC signaling, ITU
Q.2630.1 signaling and combinations thereof. Examples of such
combinations are the set-up of an AAL2 SVC and the assignment of a
CID within it or the set-up of a concatenation of an AAL2 single-CID
SVC and a CID channel within a multiplexed AAL2 VC. This parameter
can be used with both the backward and forward bearer connection
set-up methods. In the former case, the call-terminating gateway
sets up the bearer connection. In the latter case, the call-
originating gateway sets up the bearer connection.
This option may or may not be used in conjunction with atm/sc event
notification. When this option and the atm/sc event notification are
omitted, creating and modifying connection commands, the call agent
is deferring any relevant decision to set up an ATM or AAL2
connection to the media gateways. In the absence of this parameter,
a media gateway's autonomous decision to set up an ATM or AAL2 path
via bearer signaling depends on default/provisioned behaviors, such
as the applicability and nature (backward/forward) of a bearer
connection set-up model, the network type ('nt'), connection type
('atm/ct') and bearer type/VC ('atm/vc') local connection options,
and the media gateway's awareness of whether it is the originating
gateway or terminating gateway in a call. This awareness may be
based on the presence or absence of an SDP remote connection
descriptor in the initial create connection command.
Connection Element Identifier (ci): This indicates the Virtual
Circuit or CID to be used for the bearer connection. It is used when
the call agent manages VC and/or CID resources in the bearer network.
The ci parameter can be in one of the following formats:
* VCCI-<vcci>
* VCCI-<vcci>/CID-<cid>
* <ATMaddressType>-<ATMaddress>/VCCI-<vcci>
* <ATMaddress>/VCCI-<vcci>
* <ATMaddressType>-<ATMaddress>/VCCI-<vcci>/CID-<cid>
* <ATMaddress>/VCCI-<vcci>/CID-<cid>
* BCG-<bcg>/VCCI-<vcci>
* BCG-<bcg>/VCCI-<vcci>/CID-<cid>
* BCG-<bcg>/VPI-<vpi>/VCI-<vci>
* BCG-<bcg>/VPI-<vpi>/VCI-<vci>/CID-<cid>
* PORT-<portId>/VPI-<vpi>/VCI-<vci>
* PORT-<portId>/VPI-<vpi>/VCI-<vci>/CID-<cid>
* VPCI-<vpci>/VCI-<vci>
* VPCI-<vpci>/VCI-<vci>/CID-<cid>
* <ATMaddressType>-<ATMaddress>/VPCI-<vpci>/VCI-<vci>
* <ATMaddress>/VPCI-<vpci>/VCI-<vci>
* <ATMaddressType>-<ATMaddress>/VPCI-<vpci>/VCI-<vci>/CID-<cid>
* <ATMaddress>/VPCI-<vpci>/VCI-<vci>/CID-<cid>
The subparameters of the ci parameter are defined as follows:
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
| Subparameter | Meaning | Representation |
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
| vcci | VC connection Id | Decimal Integer |
| | | (16-bit equivalent) |
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
| cid | Channel Id | Decimal Integer |
| | | (8-bit equivalent) |
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
|ATMaddressType| ATM address type | "NSAP", "E164", "GWID", |
| | | "ALIAS" |
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
| ATMaddress | ATM address | 40 hex digits ("NSAP") |
| | | upto 15 digits ("EI64") |
| | | upto 32 chars ("GWID") |
| | | upto 32 chars ("ALIAS") |
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
| bcg |Bearer Connection Group| Decimal Integer |
| | | (8-bit equivalent) |
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
| vpi | Virtual Path Id | Decimal Integer |
| | | (8 or 12-bit equivalent) |
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
| vci | Virtual Channel Id | Decimal Integer |
| | | (16-bit equivalent) |
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
| portID | Port Id | Decimal Integer |
| | | (32-bit equivalent) |
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
| vpci | VP connection ID | Decimal Integer |
| | | (16-bit equivalent) |
|--------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|
The CID, or Channel ID, can refer to AAL1 as well as AAL2
applications. In AAL1 applications based on [35], it refers to the
octet position, starting from one, within an n x 64 SDT frame.
The VPCI is a 16 bit field defined in Section 4.5.16 of ITU Q.2931.
The VPCI is similar to the VPI, except for its width and the fact
that it retains its value across VP crossconnects.
The VCCI is a 16 bit field defined in ITU Recommendation Q.2941.2
[14]. The VCCI is similar to the VCI, except for the fact that it
retains its value across VC crossconnects.
In general, <vpci> and <vcci> values are unique between a pair of
nodes. When they are unique between a pair of nodes, but not unique
within a network, they need to be qualified at any node, by the ATM
address of the remote node. These parameters can be pre-provisioned
or signaled via SVC signaling messages. When VPCI and VCCI values
are pre-provisioned, administrations have the option of provisioning
them uniquely in a network. In this case, the ATM address of the far
end is not needed to qualify these parameters.
The <portId> parameter is used to identify the physical trunk port on
an ATM module. It can be represented as a decimal or hex number of
up to 32 digits.
In some applications, it is meaningful to bundle a set of connections
between a pair of ATM nodes into a bearer connection group. The
<bcg> subparameter is an eight bit field that allows the bundling of
up to 255 VPCs or VCCs.
In some applications, it is necessary to wildcard some elements of
the ci local connection option. The "$" wildcard character can be
substituted for some of the terms of this parameter. While
wildcarding, the constant strings that qualify the terms in the ci
parameter are retained. The concatenation <ATMaddressType>-
<ATMaddress> can be wildcarded in the following ways:
* The entire concatenation, <ATMaddressType>-<ATMaddress>, is
replaced with a "$".
* <ATMaddress> is replaced with a "$", but <ATMaddressType> is
not.
Examples of wildcarding the ci parameter in the AAL1 and AAL5
contexts are: VCCI-$, BCG-100/VPI-20/VCI-$.
Examples of wildcarding the ci parameter in the AAL2 context are:
VCCI- 40/CID-$, BCG-100/VPI-20/VCI-120/CID-$.
If the addressType is NSAP, the address is expressed in the standard
dotted hex form. This is a string of 40 hex digits, with dots after
the 2nd, 6th, 10th, 14th, 18th, 22nd, 26th, 30th, 34th and 38th
digits. The "0x" prefix is not used, since this is always
represented in hex. The last octet of the NSAP address is the
'selector' field that is available for non-standard use. For
example:
L: atm/ci:NSAP-47.0091.8100.0000.0060.3e64.fd01.0060.3e64.fd01.00/
VCCI-65
If the ATMaddressType is E164, the ATMaddress is expressed as a
decimal number with up to 15 digits. For example:
L: atm/ci:E164-9738294382/VCCI-100
The E.164 numbers used can be in the International Format E.164 or
conform to a private numbering plan.
If the ATMaddressType is GWID, it means that the address is a Gateway
Identifier or Node Alias. This may or may not be globally unique.
In this format, the ATMaddress is expressed as an alphanumeric string
("A"-"Z", "a"-"z", "0" - "9",".","-","_"). For example:
L: atm/ci:GWID-officeABCmgx101vism12
The keyword "ALIAS" can be substituted for "GWID". For example:
L: atm/ci:ALIAS-officeABCmgx101vism12
An example of a GWID (ALIAS) is the CLLI code used for telecom
equipment. For all practical purposes, it should be adequate for the
GWID (ALIAS) to be a variable length string with a maximum size of 32
characters.
When an endpoint supporting the ATM package is audited for
capabilities, the following local connection options from Section 3.1
shall be returned: connection type (atm/ct) and VC/bearer type
(atm/vc). If more than one value is supported, these shall be
expressed as a list of semicolon-separated values. Although this is
not very useful, it is permissible for these values to have
overlapping semantics (e.g., AAL1 and AAL1_SDT). An example of
returning, in audit response, the local connection options defined in
Section 3.1 is:
A: atm/ct:AAL1_SDT;AAL2, atm/vc:PVC;CID
3.2 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)
These local connection options are used to parameterize the ATM
adaptation layer (AAL). These are further classified as: generic AAL
connection options, AAL1-related connection options and AAL2-related
connection options. Currently, there are no local connection options
defined in this category that pertain to AAL5.
TABLE 2: Generic Local Connection Options for the AAL
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| LCO | Meaning | Values |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| aalApp | Application |itu_h323c,af83,AAL5_SSCOP, |
| | |itu_i3661_unassured, itu_i3661_assured |
| | |itu_i3662, itu_i3651, itu_i3652, |
| | |itu_i3653, itu_i3654, |
| | |FRF5, FRF8, FRF11,itu_h2221 |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| sbc | Subchannel | 1...24 for T1-based applications |
| | Count | 1...31 for E1-based applications |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
AAL application (aalApp): This connection option specifies the
controlling standard for an application layer above the ATM
adaptation layer. Other strings can be defined. If used, these need
to be prefixed with an "X-".
"itu_h323c" Annex C of H.323 which specifies direct
RTP on AAL5 [12].
"af83" af-vtoa-0083.001, which specifies
variable size AAL5 PDUs with PCM voice
and a null SSCS [13].
"AAL5_SSCOP" SSCOP as defined in ITU Q.2110 [14]
running over an AAL5 CPS [27].
No information is provided regarding
any layers above SSCOP such as Service
Specific Coordination Function (SSCF)
layers.
"itu_i3661_unassured" SSCS with unassured transmission,
per ITU I.366.1 [11].
"itu_i3661_assured" SSCS with assured transmission,
per ITU I.366.1 [11]. This uses SSCOP
[14].
"itu_i3662" SSCS per ITU I.366.2 [2].
"itu_i3651" Frame relay SSCS per ITU I.365.1 [15].
"itu_i3652" Service-specific coordination function,
as defined in ITU I.365.2, for Connection
Oriented Network Service (SSCF-CONS)
[16]. This uses SSCOP [14].
"itu_i3653" Service-specific coordination function,
as defined in ITU I.365.3, for Connection
Oriented Transport Service (SSCF-COTS)
[17]. This uses SSCOP [14].
"itu_i3654" Service-specific coordination function,
as defined in ITU I.365.4 [28].
"FRF5" Use of the FRF.5 frame relay standard
[23], which references ITU I.365.1 [15].
"FRF8" Use of the FRF.8 frame relay standard
[24]. This implies a null SSCS and the
mapping of the frame relay header
into the ATM header.
"FRF11" Use of the FRF.11 frame relay standard
[25].
"itu_h2221" Use of the ITU standard H.222.1 for
audiovisual communication over AAL5
[22].
Subchannel count (sbc): This parameter indicates the number of DS0s
in an n x 64 connection. Such connections use an ATM adaptation
layer 1 (ATM forum af-vtoa-78) or 2 (ITU I.366.2). For T1-based
applications, it can take on integral values in the inclusive range
[1...24]. For E1-based applications, it can take on integral values
in the inclusive range [1...31]. When this parameter is omitted, the
subchannel count must be known by other means.
TABLE 3: Local Connection Options for AAL Type 1
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| LCO | Meaning | Values |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| pf | Partial fill | 1...48 |
| | | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| crt | Clock Recovery| NULL, SRTS, ADAPTIVE |
| | Type | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| fe | FEC enable | NULL, DELAY_SENSITIVE,LOSS_SENSITIVE |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
Partial Fill Count (pf): When present, the 'pf' parameter is used to
indicate the fill level of cells. When this local connection option
is absent, then other means (such as provisionable defaults) are used
to determine the presence and level of partial fill.
This parameter indicates the number of non-pad payload octets, not
including any AAL SAR or convergence sublayer octets. For example,
in some AAL1 applications that use partially filled cells with
padding at the end, this attribute indicates the number of leading
payload octets not including any AAL overhead.
In general, permitted values of the pf parameter are integers in the
range 1 - 48 inclusive. However, this upper bound is different for
different adaptations since the AAL overhead, if any, is different.
If a specified partial fill (e.g. 47) is greater than or equal to the
maximum fill (in this example, 46 for AAL1 P-cells), then complete
fill (46 in this example) is used. Using a 'partial' fill of 48
effectively disables partial fill. Values below or above the
permissible range of 1-48 MUST be rejected with an error code of 532
{Unsupported value(s) in LocalConnectionOptions}.
In the AAL1 context, this parameter applies uniformly to both P and
non-P cells. In AAL1 applications that do not distinguish between P
and non-P cells, a value of 47 indicates complete fill (i.e., the
absence of partial fill). In AAL1 applications that distinguish
between P and non-P cells, a value of 46 indicates no padding in
P-cells and a padding of one in non-P cells.
If partial fill is enabled (i.e., there is padding in at least some
cells), then AAL1 structures must not be split across cell
boundaries. These shall fit in any cell. Hence, their size shall be
less than or equal to the partial fill size. Further, the partial
fill size is preferably an integer multiple of the structure size.
If it is not, then the partial fill size stated in the local
connection options shall be truncated to an integer multiple of the
structure size (e.g., a partial fill size of 40 is truncated to 36 to
support six 6 x 64 channels).
Clock recovery type (crt): This is used in AAL1 UDT (unstructured
data transfer) applications only. It can be assigned the values:
"NULL", "SRTS", or "ADAPTIVE". A value of "NULL" is equivalent to
omitting this parameter and implies that the stream (T1 or E1)
encapsulated in ATM is either synchronous to the ATM network or is
re-timed, before AAL1 encapsulation, via slip buffers. The default
value used in the absence of this LCO can be hardcoded or
provisioned.
Forward Error Correction Enable (fe): This indicates whether FEC, as
defined in ITU I.363.1 [1], is enabled or not. Possible values are:
"NULL", "DELAY_SENSITIVE" and "LOSS_SENSITIVE". FEC can be enabled
differently for delay-sensitive and loss-sensitive connections. A
"NULL" value implies disabling FEC for an AAL1 connection.
TABLE 4: Local Connection Options for AAL Type 2
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| LCO | Meaning | Values |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| pfl | Profile List | See below |
| | | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| smplCPS | Simplified CPS| on, off |
| | [21] | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| tmcu | Combined use | Integer microseconds |
| | timer | (32-bit equivalent) |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| aalsap |Service access | AUDIO, MULTIRATE |
| |point | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| cktmd | Circuit mode | on, off |
| | | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| frmd | Frame mode | on,off |
| | enable | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| genpcm | Generic PCM | PCMA, PCMU |
| | setting | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| ted | Transmission | on,off |
| |error detection| |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
|rastimer | SSSAR | |
| | reassembly | Integer microseconds |
| | timer | (32-bit equivalent) |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
Profile List (pfl): This is a list of profiles. Profile types are
followed by profile numbers for each type. The ordering of profiles
can imply preference, with the most preferred profile first. There
can be multiple instances of the same profile type in this list.
Spaces are used as delimiters within this list. Therefore, to comply
with MGCP syntax [36], it is necessary to enclose this list in double
quotes.
The format of the pfl parameter is as follows:
"<profileType#1><format list#1><profileType#2><format list#2> ...
<profileType #M><format list#M>"
where <format list#i> has the form <profile#i_1>...<profile#i_N>
The <profileType> parameter indicates the type of profile. It is
expressed in the format AAL2/<profileClass> where <profileClass>
identifies the source of the definition of the profile.
The <profileClass> can be assigned a string value indicating the
source of the subsequent profile numbers until the next <profileType>
field. The following rules apply to the contents of the
<profileClass> field:
- <profileClass> = "ITU" indicates profiles defined by ITU.
Examples: profiles defined in the I.366.2 specification [2].
- <profileClass> = "ATMF" indicates profiles defined by ATM
forum. Examples: profiles defined in af-vtoa-0113 [3] or af-
vmoa-0145.000 [21].
- <profileClass> = "custom" indicates profiles defined by a
corporation or a multi-vendor agreement. Since there is no
standard administration of this convention, care should be
taken to preclude inconsistencies within the scope of a
deployment.
- <profileClass> = <corporateName>
An equipment vendor or service provider can use its registered,
globally unique corporate name (e.g., Cisco, Telcordia etc.) as
a string value of the <profileClass>. It is suggested that
organizations maintain consistent definitions of the advertised
AAL2 profiles that bear their corporate name.
- The <profileClass> can be based on IEEE Standard 802-1990,
Section 5.1, which defines the globally unique, IEEE-
administered, three-octet OUIs used in MAC addresses and
protocol identifiers. In this case, the <profileClass> field
shall be assigned a string value of "IEEE:" concatenated with
<oui> where <oui> is the hex representation of a three-octet
field identical to the IEEE OUI. Since this is always
represented in hex, the "0x" prefix is not used. Leading zeros
may be omitted. For example, "IEEE:00000C" and "IEEE:C" both
refer to Cisco Systems, Inc.
The <profile#> parameter is expressed as a decimal number in the
range 1-255.
An example of the use of the pfl parameter is:
L: atm/pfl:"AAL2/ITU 8 AAL2/ATMF 7 8 AAL2/custom 100 AAL2/cisco 200"
The syntax for pfl can be represented compactly in the following ABNF
(RFC2234) form:
pfl = "%x22" 1*(profileType (1*profile#))"%x22"
profileType = "AAL2/" profileClass space
profile# = 1-255 space ; decimal integer followed by space
profileClass =
"ATMF"/"ITU"/"custom"/corporateName/("IEEE:" oui)
corporateName = 1*ALPHA ;one or more alphanumeric characters
oui = 1*6 HEXDIG; 1-6 hex digits per IEEE Standard 802-1990
space = %d32
Simplified CPS (smplCPS): This enables the AAL2 CPS simplification
described in [21]. It can be assigned the following values: on, off.
Under this simplification, each ATM cell contains exactly one AAL2
packet. If necessary, octets at the end of the cell are padded with
zeros.
AAL2 combined use timer (tmcu): This is defined in ITU I.363.2 [10].
It is an integer number of microseconds, represented as the decimal
equivalent of 32 bits.
AAL service access point (aalsap): The service access point for AAL2
is defined in ITU I.366.2 [2]. The aalsap local connection option
can take on the following string values: AUDIO, MULTIRATE.
Circuit mode (cktmd): This is used to enable circuit mode data [2].
It can be assigned a value of "on" or "off".
Frame mode (frmd): This is used to enable frame mode data [2]. It
can be assigned a value of "on" or "off".
Generic PCM setting (genpcm): This indicates whether generic PCM
encoding in AAL2 profiles is A-law or Mu-law. It can be assigned the
string values of "PCMA" and "PCMU".
Transmission error detection (ted): Transmission error detection is
defined in ITU I.366.1 [11]. The ted local connection option can
take on the following values: on, off. This local connection option
is useful in qualifying the aalApp local connection option, when the
value of the latter is "itu_i3661_unassured".
SSSAR reassembly timer (rastimer): This is defined in ITU I.366.1
[11]. It is an integer number of microseconds, represented as the
decimal equivalent of 32 bits.
When an endpoint supporting the ATM package is audited for
capabilities, the following local connection options from Section 3.2
shall be returned: application (atm/aalApp). Further, if one of the
values atm/ct is "AAL2", the following additional local connection
options shall be returned: profile list (atm/pfl), simplified CPS
(atm/smplCPS), service access point (atm/aalsap), circuit mode
enable(atm/cktmd), frame mode enable (atm/frmd) and generic PCM
setting (atm/genpcm). If more than one value is supported, these
shall be expressed as a list of semicolon-separated values. For
atm/smplCPS, atm/cktmd and atm/frmd, an audit can return "on", "off"
or "on;off" depending on whether the mode is mandatory, unsupported
or optional for the endpoint.
An example of returning, in audit response, the local connection
options defined in Section 3.2 is:
A: atm/aalApp:itu_i3662, atm/pfl:"AAL2/ATMF 7 8", smplCPS:on;off,
aalsap:MULTIRATE, cktmd:off, frmd:off, genpcm:PCMU;PCMA
3.3 Service Layer
TABLE 5: Local Connection Options for the Service Layer
+--------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| LCO | Meaning | Values |
+--------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| vsel | Voice codec | See below |
| | Selection | |
+--------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| dsel | Data codec | See below |
| | Selection | |
+--------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| fsel | Fax codec | See below |
| | Selection | |
+--------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| ccnf | Codec | Even number (4 - 32) hex digits |
| | Configuration | |
+--------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| usi | ISUP User | Two hex digits |
| | Information | |
+--------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
Voice codec selection (vsel): This is a prioritized list of one or
more 3-tuples describing voice service. Each vsel 3-tuple indicates
a codec, an optional packet length and an optional packetization
period.
The vsel local connection option is structured as follows:
"<encodingName #1> <packetLength #1><packetTime #1>
<encodingName #2> <packetLength #2><packetTime #2>
...
<encodingName #N> <packetLength #N><packetTime #N>"
where the <encodingName> refers to a codec name such as PCMU, G726-
32, G729 etc. See [18] and [34] for a list of codecs with static
payload types. The <packetLength> is a decimal integer
representation of the packet length in octets. The <packetTime> is a
decimal integer representation of the packetization interval in
microseconds.
Voiceband data codec selection (dsel): This is a prioritized list of
one or more 3-tuples describing voiceband data passthrough service.
Each dsel 3-tuple indicates a codec, an optional packet length and an
optional packetization period. Depending on the application, the
dsel local connection option may or may not cover facsimile service.
This is indicated via an <fxIncl> flag preceding the list of 3-
tuples. This flag indicates whether the dsel list explicitly
addresses facsimile ("on" value) or not ("off" value). This flag can
also be set to "-", which is equivalent to setting it to "off".
If <fxIncl> is "on", then it is rarely useful to also include an fsel
option. However, it is syntactically correct to do so as long as the
dsel and fsel options include an identical set of 3-tuples, perhaps
in a different order.
If <fxIncl> is "off", then any fsel list may still be ignored if the
media gateway does not provide separate treatment of voiceband data
passthrough and fax. Since, in this case, there is no distinct
facsimile service from the media gateway's perspective, any fsel list
does not apply.
The dsel local connection option is structured as follows:
"<fxIncl> <encodingName #1> <packetLength #1><packetTime #1>
<encodingName #2> <packetLength #2><packetTime #2>
...
<encodingName #N> <packetLength #N><packetTime #N>"
where the <encodingName> refers to a codec name such as PCMU, G726-
32, G729 etc. The <packetLength> is a decimal integer representation
of the packet length in octets. The <packetTime> is a decimal
integer representation of the packetization interval in microseconds.
Facsimile codec selection (fsel): This is a prioritized list of one
or more 3-tuples describing fax service. Each fsel 3-tuple indicates
a codec, an optional packet length and an optional packetization
period. If the dsel option includes facsimile, the fsel connection
option should be consistent with it. Each fsel 3-tuple indicates a
codec, an optional packet length and an optional packetization
period. The fsel local connection option is structured as follows:
"<encodingName #1> <packetLength #1><packetTime #1>
<encodingName #2> <packetLength #2><packetTime #2>
...
<encodingName #N> <packetLength #N><packetTime #N>"
where the <encodingName> refers to a codec name such as PCMU, G726-
32, G729 etc. The <packetLength> is a decimal integer representation
of the packet length in octets. The <packetTime> is a decimal
integer representation of the packetization interval in microseconds.
Since spaces are used as delimiters within the vsel, dsel and fsel
lists, it is necessary to enclose these lists in double quotes [36].
The vsel, fsel and dsel parameters complement the rest of the local
connection options and should be consistent with them.
Examples of the use of these parameters are:
L: atm/vsel:"G729 10 10000 G726-32 40 10000"
L: atm/dsel:"off PCMA 10 10000 G726-32 40 10000"
L: atm/fsel:"PCMU 40 5000 G726-32 20 5000"
L: atm/vsel:"G729 10 10000 G726-32 40 10000"
L: atm/dsel:"on PCMA 10 10000 G726-32 40 10000"
The <packetLength>and <packetTime> can be set to "-" when not needed.
A <fxIncl> value of "-" is equivalent to setting it to "off". For
example:
L: atm/vsel:"G729 - - G726-32 - -"
L: atm/dsel:"- G729 - - G726-32 - -"
L: atm/fsel:"G729-24 - -"
The vsel, dsel and fsel local connection options can be used in the
AAL1, AAL2 and AAL5 contexts. The <packetLength> and <packetTime>
are not meaningful in the AAL1 case and should be set to "-". In the
AAL2 case, these local connection options indicate the preferred use
of some or all of the rows in a given profile table. If multiple 3-
tuples are present, they can indicate a preferentially ordered
assignment of some rows in that profile to voice, voiceband data
passthrough or facsimile service (e.g., row A preferred to row B
etc). If multiple profiles are specified in the pfl parameter
(described in section 3.2), the profile qualified by these local
connection options is the first profile in the list.
Codec configuration (ccnf): This is used to convey the contents of
the single codec information element (IE) defined in [30]. The
contents of this IE are: a single-octet Organizational Identifier
(OID) field, followed by a single-octet Codec Type field, followed by
zero or more octets of a codec configuration bit-map. The semantics
of the codec configuration bit-map are specific to the
organization[30, 31]. Since this bit-map is always represented in
hex format, the "0x" prefix is omitted. Leading zeros are not
omitted. For example:
L: atm/ccnf:01080C
indicates an Organizational Identifier of 0x01(the ITU-T). Using
[57], the second octet (0x08) indicates a codec type of G.726
(ADPCM). The last octet, 0x0C indicates that 16 kbps and 24 kbps
rates are NOT supported, while the 32 kbps and 40 kbps rates ARE
supported.
ISUP User Information (usi): This is used to convey the contents of
the 'User Information Layer 1 protocol' field within the bearer
capability information element defined in Section 4.5.5 of [32], and
reiterated as the user service information element (IE) in Section
3.57 of [33]. The 'User Information Layer 1 protocol' field consists
of the five least significant bits of Octet 5 of this information
element.
The usi LCO represented as a string of two hex digits. The "0x"
prefix is omitted since this value is always hexadecimal. These hex
digits are constructed from an octet with three leading '0' bits and
the last five bits equal to the 'User Information Layer 1 protocol'
field described above. Digits to the left are more significant than
digits to the right. The resulting values of the usi local
connection option are as follows:
VALUE MEANING
0x01 CCITT standardized rate adaption V.110 and X.30
0x02 Recommendation G.711 Mu-law
0x03 Recommendation G.711 A-law
0x04 Recommendation G.721 32 kbps ADPCM
and Recommendation I.460
0x05 Recommendations H.221 and H.242
0x06 Recommendation H.223 and H.245
0x07 Non-ITU-T standardized rate adaption
0x08 ITU-T standardized rate adaption V.120
0x09 CCITT standardized rate adaption X.31 HDLC flag stuffing
3.4 ATM Bearer Traffic Management
These local connection options are used to convey ATM traffic
parameters.
TABLE 6: Local Connection Options for ATM bearer traffic management
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| ATM LCO | Meaning | Values |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| atc | ATM transfer |CBR, nrt-VBR, rt-VBR, UBR, ABR, GFR, |
| | capability or |DBR,SBR,ABT/IT,ABT/DT |
| | service | |
| | category | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| sbt |atc subtype | 1...5 |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| qos | QoS class | 0...5 |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| bcob |Broadband | 0...31 |
| |Connection |(Defined values listed below) |
| |-Oriented | |
| |Bearer Class | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| eetim |End-to-end |on,off |
| |timing required| |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| stc |Susceptibility | 0...3 |
| |to clipping |(Defined values listed below) |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| upcc |User plane |0...3 |
| |connection |(Defined values listed below) |
| |configuration | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| aqf |ATM QoS | List, see below |
| |parameters, | |
| |forward | |
| |direction | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| aqb |ATM QoS | List, see below |
| |parameters, | |
| |backward | |
| |direction | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| adf0+1 |ATM traffic | List, see below |
| |descriptor, | |
| |forward | |
| |direction, | |
| |CLP-independent| |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| adf0 |ATM traffic | List, see below |
| |descriptor, | |
| |forward | |
| |direction, | |
| |CLP=0 | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| adb0+1 |ATM traffic | List, see below |
| |descriptor, | |
| |backward | |
| |direction, | |
| |CLP-independent| |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| adb |ATM traffic | List, see below |
| |descriptor, | |
| |backward | |
| |direction, | |
| |CLP=0 | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| abrf |ABR parameters,| List, see below |
| |forward | |
| |direction | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| abrb |ABR parameters,| List, see below |
| |backward | |
| |direction | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
|abrSetup |ABR connection | List, see below |
| |set-up | |
| |parameters | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
ATM transfer capability (atc): This parameter indicates the ATM
Transfer Capability described in ITU I.371 [19], equivalent to the
ATM Service Category described in the UNI 4.1 Traffic Management
specification [8]. In applications conforming to ITU I.371, this
parameter can be assigned the following values: DBR, SBR, ABT/IT,
ABT/DT, ABR. In applications conforming to the UNI 4.1 Traffic
Management specification, this parameter can be assigned the
following values: CBR, nrt-VBR, rt-VBR, UBR, ABR, GFR.
Subtype (sbt): This qualifies the atc local connection option. It
can be assigned integer values of 1...5. The following combinations
of the atc and sbt local connection options are meaningful:
atc sbt Resulting transport
CBR/DBR 1 Voiceband signal transport (ITU G.711, G.722, I.363)
CBR/DBR 2 Circuit transport (ITU I.363)
CBR/DBR 4 High-quality audio signal transport (ITU I.363)
CBR/DBR 5 Video signal transport (ITU I.363)
nrt-VBR 1 nrt-VBR.1
nrt-VBR 2 nrt-VBR.2
nrt-VBR 3 nrt-VBR.3
rt-VBR 1 rt-VBR.1
rt-VBR 2 rt-VBR.2
rt-VBR 3 rt-VBR.3
UBR 1 UBR.1
UBR 2 UBR.2
GFR 1 GFR.1
GFR 2 GRR.2
SBR 1 SBR1
SBR 2 SBR2
SBR 3 SBR3
Subtypes for the atc values of CBR or DBR are per [29]. Subtypes for
the remaining atc values are per [8] and [19].
QoS class (qos): This indicates the QoS class specified in ITU
I.2965.1 [4]. It can take on the integer decimal values in the range
0 - 5. These values are mapped into QoS classes as follows:
----------------------------------------------------------
| VALUE | MEANING |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | Default QoS |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | Stringent |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 2 | Tolerant |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 3 | Bi-level |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 4 | Unbounded |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 5 | Stringent bi-level |
----------------------------------------------------------
Broadband Connection-Oriented Bearer Class (bcob): The bcob local
connection option indicates the Broadband Connection-Oriented Bearer
Class specified in ITU Q.2961.2 [5]. It is represented as a decimal
number in the range 0 - 31, or its hex equivalent (range 0x0 - 0x1F).
The following values are currently defined:
----------------------------------------------------------
| VALUE | MEANING |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | BCOB-A |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 3 | BCOB-C |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 5 | Frame relaying bearer service |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 16 | BCOB-X |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 24 | BCOB-VP (transparent VP service) |
----------------------------------------------------------
End-to-end timing (eetim): This indicates whether end-to-end timing
is required (Table 4-8 of [29]). It can be assigned a value of "on"
or "off".
Susceptibility to clipping (stc): The stc local connection option
indicates susceptibility to clipping. It is represented as a decimal
number in the range 0 - 3, or its hex equivalent (range 0x0 - 0x3).
All values except those listed below are reserved.
----------------------------------------------------------
| VALUE | MEANING |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | Not susceptible to clipping |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | Susceptible to clipping |
----------------------------------------------------------
User plane connection configuration (upcc): The upcc local connection
option is represented as a decimal number in the range 0 - 3, or its
hex equivalent (range 0x0 - 0x3). All values except those listed
below are reserved.
----------------------------------------------------------
| VALUE | MEANING |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | Point to point |
----------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | Point to multipoint |
----------------------------------------------------------
ATM QoS parameters, forward direction (aqf) and backward direction
(aqb): Here, forward is the direction away from the media gateway,
backward is the direction towards the gateway. If the directional
convention used by bearer signaling at the gateway is different, then
appropriate translations must be done by the media gateway. These
parameters have the following format:
"<cdvType><acdv><ccdv><eetd><cmtd><aclr>"
Since spaces are used in this list, it must be enclosed in double
quotes for MGCP compliance [36].
The <cdvType> parameter can take on the string values of "PP" and
"2P". These refer to the peak-to-peak and two-point CDV as defined
in UNI 4.0 [6] and ITU Q.2965.2 [7] respectively.
The CDV parameters, <acdv> and <ccdv>, refer to the acceptable and
cumulative CDVs respectively. These are expressed in units of
microseconds and represented as the decimal or hex equivalent of 24-
bit fields. These use the cell loss ratio, <aclr>, as the "alpha"
quantiles defined in the ATMF TM 4.1 specification [8] and in ITU
I.356 [9].
The transit delay parameters, <eetd> and <cmtd>, refer to the end-to-
end and cumulative transit delays respectively in milliseconds.
These are represented as the decimal equivalents of 16-bit fields.
These parameters are defined in Q.2965.2 [7], UNI 4.0 [8] and Q.2931
[29].
The <aclr> parameter refers to forward and backward acceptable cell
loss ratios. This is the ratio between the number of cells lost and
the number of cells transmitted. It is expressed as the decimal or
hex equivalent of an 8-bit field. This field expresses an order of
magnitude n, where n is an integer in the range 1-15. The Cell Loss
Ratio takes on the value 10 raised to the power of minus n.
If any of these parameters is not specified, is inapplicable or is
implied, then it is set to "-".
Examples of the use of the aqf and aqb local connection options are:
L: atm/aqf:"PP 8125 3455 32000 - 11"
L: atm/aqb:"PP 4675 2155 18000 - 12"
This implies a forward acceptable peak-to-peak CDV of 8.125 ms, a
backward acceptable peak-to-peak CDV of 4.675 ms, forward cumulative
peak-to-peak CDV of 3.455 ms, a backward cumulative peak-to-peak CDV
of 2.155 ms, a forward end-to-end transit delay of 32 ms, a backward
end-to-end transit delay of 18 ms, an unspecified forward cumulative
transit delay, an unspecified backward cumulative transit delay, a
forward cell loss ratio of 10 raised to minus 11 and a backward cell
loss ratio of 10 to the minus 12.
ATM traffic descriptors, forward direction CLP=0+1 (adf0+1), backward
direction CLP=0+1 (adb0+1), forward direction CLP=0 (adf0), backward
direction CLP=0 (adb0): Here, forward is the direction away from the
media gateway, backward is the direction towards the gateway. If the
directional convention used by bearer signaling at the gateway is
different, then appropriate translations must be done by the media
gateway. The adf0+1, adb0+1, adf0 and adb0 local connection options
have the following format:
"<pcr><scr><mbs><cdvt><mcr><mfs><fd><te>"
Since spaces are used in these lists, they must be enclosed in double
quotes for MGCP compliance [36].
These parameters are defined per the ATMF TM 4.1 specification [8].
Each of these parameters can be set to "-" if the intent is to not
specify it via MGCP. These definitions are listed briefly in Table 7
below.
TABLE 7: ATM Traffic Descriptor Parameters
PARAMETER MEANING UNITS
pcr Peak Cell Rate Cells per second
scr Sustained Cell Rate Cells per second
mbs Maximum Burst Size Cells
cdvt Cell Delay Variation Tolerance Microseconds
mcr Minimum Cell Rate Cells per second
mfs Maximum Frame Size Cells
fd Frame Discard Allowed on/off
te CLP tagging enabled on/off
The pcr, scr, cdvt and mbs can be represented as the decimal
equivalents of 24-bit fields. The mbs and mfs can be represented as
the decimal equivalents of 16-bit fields.
Examples of these local connection options are:
L: atm/adf0+1:"200 100 20 - - - on -",
atm/adf0:"200 80 15 - - - - off",
atm/adb0+1:"200 100 20 - - - on -",
atm/adb0:"200 80 15 - - - - off"
This implies a forward and backward PCR of 200 cells per second for
all cells regardless of CLP, forward and backward PCR of 200 cells
per second for cells with CLP=0, a forward and backward SCR of 100
cells per second for all cells regardless of CLP, a forward and
backward SCR of 80 cells per second for cells with CLP=0, a forward
and backward MBS of 20 cells for all cells regardless of CLP, a
forward and backward MBS of 15 cells for cells with CLP=0, an
unspecified CDVT which can be known by other means, and an MCR and
MFS which are unspecified because they are inapplicable. Frame
discard is enabled in both the forward and backward directions.
Tagging is not enabled in either direction.
ABR parameters, forward direction (abrf) and backward direction
(abrb): Here, forward is the direction away from the media gateway,
backward is the direction towards the gateway. If the convention
used by bearer signaling at the gateway is different, then
appropriate translations must be done by the media gateway. The abrf
and abrb local connection options have the following format:
"<nrm><trm><cdf><adtf>"
Since spaces are used in these lists, they must be enclosed in double
quotes for MGCP compliance [36].
These ABR parameters are defined per [6] and [8]. Their definition
is summarized in Table 8 below. In MGCP, these are represented as
the decimal equivalent of the binary fields mentioned below. If any
of these parameters is meant to be left unspecified, it is set to "-
".
TABLE 8: ABR Parameters
+-----------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| PARAMETER | MEANING | FIELD SIZE |
+-----------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| NRM | Maximum number of cells per | 3 bits |
| | forward Resource Management cell| |
+-----------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| TRM | Maximum time between | 3 bits |
| |forward Resource Management cells| |
+-----------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| CDF | Cutoff Decrease Factor | 3 bits |
+-----------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| ADTF | Allowed Cell Rate Decrease | 10 bits |
| | Time Factor | |
+-----------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
ABR set-up parameters (abrSetup): This local connection option is
used to indicate the ABR parameters needed during call/connection
establishment (Section 10.1.2.2 of the UNI 4.0 signaling
specification [6]). The abrSetup local connection option has the
following format:
"<ficr><bicr><ftbe><btbe><crmrtt><frif><brif><frdf><brdf>"
Since spaces are used in this list, it must be enclosed in double
quotes for MGCP compliance [36].
These parameters are defined per [6]. Their definitions are listed
briefly in Table 9 below. In these definitions, forward is the
direction away from the media gateway, backward is the direction
towards the gateway. If the convention used by bearer signaling at
the gateway is different, then appropriate translations must be done
by the media gateway. If any of these parameters is meant to be left
unspecified, it is set to "-".
TABLE 9: ABR Set-up Parameters
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| PARAMETER | MEANING | REPRESENTATION |
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| <ficr> | Forward Initial Cell Rate | Decimal equivalent |
| |(Cells per second) | of 24-bit field |
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| <bicr> | Backward Initial Cell Rate | Decimal equivalent |
| | (Cells per second) | of 24-bit field |
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| <ftbe> | Forward transient buffer | Decimal equivalent |
| | exposure (Cells) | of 24-bit field |
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| <btbe> | Backward transient buffer | Decimal equivalent |
| | exposure (Cells) | of 24-bit field |
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| <crmrtt> | Cumulative RM round-trip time | Decimal equivalent |
| | (Microseconds) | of 24-bit field |
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| <frif> | Forward rate increase factor | Decimal integer |
| | (used to derive cell count) | 0 -15 |
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| <brif> | Backward rate increase factor | Decimal integer |
| | (used to derive cell count) | 0 -15 |
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| <frdf> | Forward rate decrease factor | Decimal integer |
| | (used to derive cell count) | 0 -15 |
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| <brdf> | Backward rate decrease factor | Decimal integer |
| | (used to derive cell count) | 0 -15 |
+-----------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
3.5 AAL Dimensioning
The Local Connection Options in Table 10 are used to dimension the
operation of the AAL. In these parameters, forward is the direction
away from the media gateway. Backward is the direction towards the
media gateway. These parameters are represented as decimal integers
in the ranges listed in Table 10.
TABLE 10: Local Connection Options used to dimension the AAL
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| LCO | Meaning | Values (Decimal Integer) |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| str | Structure | 1...65,535 |
| | Size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| cbrRate | CBR rate | Bit map per Table 4-6 of [29] |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| fcpcs | Forward | AAL2: 45 or 64 |
| | maximum CPCS | AAL5: 1-65,535 |
| | SDU size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| bcpcs | Backward | AAL2: 45 or 64 |
| | maximum CPCS | AAL5: 1-65,535 |
| | SDU size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
|fSDUrate | Forward | 24-bit equivalent |
| | maximum AAL2 | |
| | CPS SDU rate | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
|bSDUrate | Backward | 24-bit equivalent |
| | maximum AAL2 | |
| | CPS SDU rate | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| ffrm |Forward maximum| 1-65,535 |
| |frame block | |
| |size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| bfrm |Backward | 1-65,535 |
| |maximum frame | |
| |block size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
|fsssar |Forward maximum| 1-65,568 |
| |SSSAR-SDU | |
| |size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
|bsssar |Backward | 1-65,568 |
| |maximum SSSAR | |
| |SDU size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
|fsscopsdu|Forward maximum| 1-65,528 |
| |SSCOP-SDU | |
| |size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
| | | |
|bsscopsdu|Backward | 1-65,528 |
| |maximum SSCOP | |
| |SDU size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
|fsscopuu |Forward maximum| 1-65,524 |
| |SSCOP-UU field | |
| |size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
|bsscopuu |Backward | 1-65,524 |
| |maximum SSCOP | |
| |UU size | |
+---------+---------------+---------------------------------------+
Structured Data Transfer Block Size (str): This parameter is
meaningful only when structured AAL1 is used. It indicates the size
(in octets) of the block used for structured data transfer. If not
included as a local connection option, the structure size is to be
known by other means. For instance, af-vtoa-78 [20] fixes the
structure size for n x 64 service, with or without CAS. The
L: atm/str parameter is coded as the decimal equivalent of a 16-bit
field [29]. The theoretical maximum value of this parameter is
65,535, although most services use much less.
CBR Rate (cbrRate): This is a hexadecimal representation of the bit
map defined in Table 4-6 of ITU Q.2931 [29]. This is represented as
exactly two hex digits. For example:
L: atm/cbrRate:04
implies a CBR rate of 1.544 Mbps.
Forward maximum CPCS-SDU size (fcpcs): This is the maximum size of
the AAL2 or AA5 CPCS SDU in the forward direction.
Backward maximum CPCS-SDU size (bcpcs): This is the maximum size of
the AAL2 or AA5 CPCS SDU in the backward direction.
Forward maximum AAL2 CPCS-SDU rate (fSDUrate): This is the maximum
rate of the AAL2 CPCS-SDUs in the forward direction.
Backward maximum AAL2 CPCS-SDU rate (bSDUrate): This is the maximum
rate of the AAL2 CPCS-SDUs in the backward direction.
The fSDUrate and bSDUrate local connection options can be used to
rate-limit AAL2 CIDs, especially when used in the SSSAR [1] and frame
mode [2] contexts.
Forward maximum frame mode block size (ffrm): This is the maximum
size, in the forward direction, of the AAL2 frame mode data unit
(I.366.2) [2].
Backward maximum frame mode block size (bfrm): This is the maximum
size, in the backward direction, of the AAL2 frame mode data unit
(I.366.2) [2].
Forward maximum SSSAR-SDU size (fsssar): This is the maximum size, in
the forward direction, of the AAL2-based SSSAR-SDU (I.366.1) [1].
Backward maximum SSSAR-SDU size (bsssar): This is the maximum size,
in the backward direction, of the AAL2-based SSSAR-SDU (I.366.1) [1].
Forward maximum SSCOP-SDU size (fsscopsdu): This is the maximum size,
in the forward direction, of the AAL2-based SSCOP-SDU (I.366.1) [1].
Backward maximum SSCOP-SDU size (bsscopsdu): This is the maximum
size, in the backward direction, of the AAL2-based SSCOP-SDU
(I.366.1) [1].
Forward maximum SSCOP-UU size (fsscopuu): This is the maximum size,
in the forward direction, of the AAL2-based SSCOP-UU field(I.366.1)
[1].
Backward maximum SSCOP-UU size (bsscopuu): This is the maximum size,
in the backward direction, of the AAL2-based SSCOP- UU field
(I.366.1) [1].
4.0 Signals and Events
Standard MGCP syntax and keywords [36] are used in Table 11 to define
the events in this package. Since these are all connection events,
they cannot be requested for endpoints. For consistency with MGCP
[36], it is required that the suffix @<connection-id> NOT be omitted
even if there is only one connection to an endpoint. This suffix can
also be wildcarded per MGCP rules.
There are no auditable event-states associated with the ATM package.
Set-up complete ("sc"):
Within the RequestedEvents (R:) structure, "sc" is used to request
notification of successful ATM or AAL2 connection set-up. The ATM OR
AAL2 bearer path is ready for subscriber payload carriage when this
notification is sent.
This could be the set-up of an SVC, the assignment of an AAL2 CID
path and combinations thereof. Examples of such combinations are the
set-up of an AAL2 SVC and the assignment of a CID within it or the
set-up of a concatenation of an AAL2 single-CID SVC and a CID channel
within a multiplexed AAL2 VC.
This event is included for backward compatibility. It is preferred
that the call agent and the media gateway rely on provisional
acknowledgements in the case in which connection set-up has a long
latency. However, if this event is requested, the media gateway must
issue notification of connection set-up via this event. In this
case, a provisional acknowledgement is not very useful, and full
acknowledgement of the create connection or modify connection need
not be deferred until connection set up.
The designated trigger for an ATM OR AAL2 connection set-up is an
"on" value of the L: atm/se local connection option provided with a
create or modify connection command. However, it is recognized that
certain applications use the presence of an atm/sc event notification
to initiate the set-up of an ATM or AAL2 connection.
TABLE 11: Signals and Events in the ATM package
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| SYMBOL | DEFINITION | R | S | DURATION |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| sc | Bearer path set-up | C | | |
| | complete | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| sf | Bearer path set-up | C | | |
| | failed | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| ec | Enable CAS via | | oo | |
| | type 3 packets | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| etd | Enable DTMF tone | | oo | |
| | forwarding via | | | |
| | packets | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| etm | Enable MF tone | | oo | |
| | forwarding via | | | |
| | packets | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| etr1 | Enable MF-R1 tone | | oo | |
| | forwarding via | | | |
| | packets | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| etr2 | Enable MF-R2 tone | | oo | |
| | forwarding via | | | |
| | packets | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| uc (string) | Used codec changed | C | | |
| | to codec named by | | | |
| | the string | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| ptime (#) | Packetization period | C | | |
| | changed to # | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| pftrans (#) | Profile element | C | | |
| | changed to row # | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| cle (#) | Cell Loss | C | | |
| | threshold (# ) | | | |
| | exceeded | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| pl (#) | Packet Loss Threshold| C | | |
| | exceeded (# ) | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| qa | Quality Alert | C | | |
| | | | | |
|---------------|-----------------------|-----|------|--------------|
| of (#) | Operation failure: | C | | |
| | Loss of connectivity | | | |
| | with reason code # | | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Set-up failed ("sf"):
Within the RequestedEvents (R:) structure, "sf" is used to request
notification of a failed ATM OR AAL2 connection set-up. The ATM OR
AAL2 connection set-ups addressed by "sf" are the same as for the
"sc" event.
In some ATM OR AAL2 applications with SVC set-up or bearer-signalled
AAL2 path assignment, the "sf" event might not be used. In these
cases, the following options are available:
* the call agent receives a spontaneous delete from the media
gateway with an appropriate reason code (902).
* the call agent receives the "of" event described below with the
optional reason code (902).
Enable CAS via type 3 packets ("ec"):
This signal indicates that the media gateway is to forward CAS
signaling via type 3 packets on an AAL2 connection. This does not
preclude the call agent from requesting notification of CAS state
changes. On receiving this signal request, the gateway sustains a
bidirectional type 3 CAS protocol over the AAL2 path. This comes to
an end when the request is cancelled through a subsequent
NotificationRequest command or when the VoAAL2 connection is deleted.
Enable DTMF tones via type 3 packets ("etd"):
A gateway will ignore this signal request if it normally forwards and
receives DTMF tones via type 3 packets. This signal indicates that
the media gateway is to forward and receive DTMF tones via type 3
packets on an AAL2 connection. This does not preclude the call agent
from requesting notification of DTMF tones.
Enable MF tones via type 3 packets ("etm"):
A gateway will ignore this signal request if it normally forwards and
receives MF tones via type 3 packets. This signal indicates that the
media gateway is to forward and receive MF tones via type 3 packets
on an AAL2 connection. This does not preclude the call agent from
requesting notification of MF tones. This signal request does not
specify the MF tone type, which is known by other means.
Enable R1 MF tones via type 3 packets ("etr1"):
A gateway will ignore this signal request if it normally forwards and
receives R1 MF tones via type 3 packets. This signal indicates that
the media gateway is to forward and receive R1 MF tones via type 3
packets on an AAL2 connection. This does not preclude the call agent
from requesting notification of R1 MF tones.
Enable R2 MF tones via type 3 packets ("etr2"):
A gateway will ignore this signal request if it normally forwards and
receives R2 MF tones via type 3 packets. This signal indicates that
the media gateway is to forward and receive R2 MF tones via type 3
packets on an AAL2 connection. This does not preclude the call agent
from requesting notification of R2 MF tones.
Used codec changed ("uc (string)"):
If armed via an R:atm/uc, a media gateway signals a codec change
through an O:atm/uc. The alphanumeric string in parentheses is
optional. It is the encoding name of the codec to which the switch
is made. Although this event can be used with all ATM adaptations
(AAL1, AAL2 and AAL5):
* The pftrans event is more suited to AAL2 applications.
* Codec switches do not generally occur mid-call in AAL1
applications.
Packet time changed ("ptime(#)"):
If armed via an R:atm/ptime, a media gateway signals a packetization
period change through an O:atm/ptime. The decimal number in
parentheses is optional. It is the new packetization period in
milliseconds. In AAL2 applications, the pftrans event can be used to
cover packetization period changes (and codec changes).
Profile element changed ("pftrans(#)"):
If armed via an R:atm/pftrans, a media gateway signals a mid-call
profile element change through an O:atm/ptime. This event is used
with AAL2 adaptation only. A profile element is a row in a profile
table. Profile elements indicating silence should not trigger this
event. The decimal number in parentheses is optional. It is the row
number to which the switch is made. Rows are counted downward,
beginning from 1.
Cell loss exceeded ("cle(#)"):
This event indicates that the cell loss rate exceeds the threshold #.
If the threshold is omitted in the requested events and observed
events parameters, it is known by other means. The optional decimal
number is the number of dropped cells per 100,000 cells. For
example, cle(10) indicates cells are being dropped at a rate of 1 in
10,000 cells.
Packet loss exceeded ("ple(#)"):
This event indicates that the packet loss rate exceeds the threshold
#. If the threshold is omitted in the requested events and observed
events parameters, it is known by other means. The optional decimal
number is the number of dropped packets per 100,000 packets. For
example, ple(10) indicates packets are being dropped at a rate of 1
in 10,000 packets.
When the bearer connection uses an AAL2 CID within a multiplexed VCC
rather than an entire VCC, the 'ple' event is used instead of 'cle'.
The packets are AAL2 CPS PDUs.
Quality alert ("qa"):
This event indicates that the bearer path fails to any predetermined
combination of quality criteria such as loss, delay, jitter etc.
This criterion is not defined and is left to the application. The
gateway reports this quality violation to the call agent if armed to
do so.
Report failure ("of (#)"):
This indicates a connection failure. It can also indicate failure to
establish a connection, in lieu of "sf".
The most common response to these events is for the media gateway to
delete the connection. Some applications might choose to report an
"of" with the appropriate reason code, a decimal number, optionally
included in parentheses. Reason codes are the same as for
spontaneous deletes by the gateway.
5.0 Connection Parameters
The MGCP connection parameters structure is returned in an autonomous
delete connection message, and in a response to a delete or audit
connection command. The standard connections parameters [36] it
contains are redefined below for ATM. Also, a new extension
parameter specific to the ATM package is defined.
The standard connection parameters redefined for ATM are:
Number of packets sent: If a VCC is assigned to the connection, this
is the total number of ATM cells transmitted for the duration of the
connection. If a CID within an AAL2 VCC is assigned to the
connection, it is the number of AAL2 common part sublayer (CPS)
packets transmitted for the duration of the connection.
Number of octets sent: If a VCC is assigned to the connection, this
is the total number of ATM payload octets transmitted for the
duration of the connection. If a CID within an AAL2 VCC is assigned
to the connection, this is the total number of AAL2 CPS payload
octets transmitted for the duration of the connection.
Number of packets received: If a VCC is assigned to the connection,
this is the total number of ATM cells received for the duration of
the connection. If a CID within an AAL2 VCC is assigned to the
connection, it is the number of AAL2 common part sublayer (CPS)
packets received for the duration of the connection.
Number of octets received: If a VCC is assigned to the connection,
this is the total number of ATM payload octets received for the
duration of the connection. If a CID within an AAL2 VCC is assigned
to the connection, this is the total number of AAL2 CPS payload
octets received for the duration of the connection.
Number of packets lost: If a VCC is assigned to the connection, this
is the total number of ATM cells lost for the duration of the
connection, in the direction towards the gateway. If a CID within an
AAL2 VCC is assigned to the connection, it is the number of AAL2
common part sublayer (CPS) packets lost for the duration of the
connection, in the direction towards the gateway. If these losses
cannot be assessed, then the gateway omits this parameter.
Interarrival jitter: If a VCC is assigned to the connection, this is
the interarrival jitter for ATM cells. If a CID within an AAL2 VCC
is assigned to the connection, this is the interarrival jitter for
AAL2 common part sublayer (CPS) packets. If this cannot be
determined, then it is omitted or set to 0.
Average Transmission Delay: This should be understood to be the
average cell transmission delay in both cases: VCC assignment and CID
assignment to the connection. This requires the use of ATM
performance monitoring techniques. If it is not possible to assess
this delay, it is omitted or set to 0.
The following extension parameter is defined for the connection
parameters structure:
Connection qualification ("atm/CQ"): This qualifies the connection
with enough granularity to be able to use the other connection
parameters without a priori knowledge of network or connection type.
Defined values are:
1 ATM Virtual Circuit Connection (VCC)
2 AAL2 Channel Identifier (CID)
3 Direct transfer i.e., without an ATM or other
packet path
When omitted, the connection parameters must be interpreted on one of
the following bases:
* The default interpretations for MGCP in Ref. 36.
* The call agent's prior knowledge, if it governs the type of
network and connection through the network type 'nt' LCO [Ref.
36] and/or the connection type 'ct' LCO defined here.
* The call agent's snooping of the local connection descriptor
provided by one or more media gateway. This is used to
determine the network and connection type.
An example of connection parameter encoding for an ATM VCC is the
following:
P: PS=1245, OS=59760, PR=1244, OR=59712, PL=20, JI=0, LA=0,atm/CQ=1
Note that the PL value refers to the receive direction and is
unrelated to PS. Also, since atm/CQ=1, these parameters refer to ATM
cells rather than to AAL2 CPS packets.
As in other applications, any of these parameters can be omitted if
not relevant to an application. Also, the entire P: structure is
optional.
When connection parameters are audited, all parameters normally
returned with a delete connection are returned. This includes the
connection qualification parameter, atm/CQ.
The measurement or estimation of some or all of these connection
parameters might not be feasible or beneficial in some applications.
In such cases, these may be individually omitted, or the entire
connection parameters structure, which is optional in MGCP, might be
omitted. Further, parameters which indicate impairments might be set
to 0 to nullify their impact, if any.
6.0 Negotiation of Profiles and Codecs in ATM Applications
6.1 Consistency of Parameters
For ATM networks, the "nt" local connection option in MGCP must be
set to "ATM".
In any ATM application, the following Local Connection Options should
not be used:
Type of service, L: t
Resource reservation, L: r
This is because the Local Connection Options listed in Table 6
provide information equivalent to the L: t and L: r local connection
options.
The following Local Connection Option is not meaningful in the AAL1
case and should not be used:
Packetization period, L: p
In AAL2 applications, the following Local Connection Options should
not be used:
Encoding algorithm, L: a
Packetization period, L: p
The following ATM Local Connection Options provide equivalent
information in the AAL2 case:
Profile list, L: atm/pfl
Priority list of voice codec selections, L: atm/vsel
Priority list of voiceband data passthrough codec selections,
L: atm/dsel
Priority list of fax codec selections, L: atm/fsel
The use of a disallowed local connection option should be flagged
with a return code of 524 (inconsistent local connection options).
Although it is not recommended that these be ignored, it is
recognized some applications choose to do so for the sake of backward
compatibility. Note that the inconsistency in this case is between
the local connection option (e.g., L:a) and the application (e.g.,
AAL2) which does not allow it.
6.2 Codec/Profile Negotiation in ATM Networks
In AAL1 and AAL5 applications, codec negotiation is similar to the IP
case, although some of the local connection options and SDP
connection descriptor parameters are different. See [18] for
conventions for the use of the Session Description Protocol [26] in
the ATM context.
In AAL2 applications, the L:a and L:p parameters are disallowed.
Profile negotiation takes the place of codec negotiation. The
remainder of this section addresses how this is done.
The specifics of the AAL2 bearer are not germane to profile
negotiation. The bearer could be PVC-based or SVC-based, based on
single-CID or multi-CID VCs, subcell multiplexed or not.
The most general case involves different prioritized lists of
profiles at the originating gateway, the terminating gateway, the
originating call agent and the terminating call agent. Whether these
lists are based on network policies, end subscriber service level
agreements or equipment design is immaterial to the profile
negotiation that is done as part of the connection establishment
process. It is also irrelevant whether these lists are hardcoded
defaults or provisionable. In the connection establishment process,
a series of ordered intersections is performed. This leaves a single
ordered list in the end. The highest priority profile in this list
is the selected profile.
The call agent conveys its priority list through the pfl local
connection option. The gateway conveys intersection results through
the media information line in SDP [18]. Whether these lists imply a
real priority or not, a profile is, as a general rule, preferred to
profiles that follow it in a list.
Each media gateway has a policy for assigning priorities to different
lists (inter-list priority) which is different from the positional
ordering of profiles within a list (intra-list priority). This
policy might be a hardcoded default or provisioned. The inter-list
priority specifies an ordering of the following lists with respect to
each other:
* 'C-list', which is the priority list from the call agent,
received through L: atm/pfl.
* 'R-list', which is the priority list from the remote end,
received through the SDP remote connection descriptor.
* 'L-list', which is the local priority list, hardcoded or
provisioned.
Depending on the application, different inter-list priorities may be
used in cases where the gateway originates and terminates a call.
The policy mentioned above will vary depending on the type,
capabilities and deployment of the media gateway. Network
administrations or equipment vendors will provision/default this
policy for various reasons such as resource usage optimization,
quality of service, likelihood of finding a common profile etc.
When doing an ordered intersection of lists, the intra-list
priorities of the highest priority list are used. Any profile that
cannot be supported due to resource (bandwidth, processing power
etc.) limitations is eliminated from the intersection.
In the absence of one or more of these lists, the remaining list(s)
are used in the profile selection process. If the call agent does
not provide a list of profiles, the C-list is absent. In this case,
the intersection of the C-list, R-list and L-list simply becomes the
intersection of the R-list and the L-list. If the R-list is also
absent, no intersection is performed and the result of this null
operation is the L-list. Previous values, if any, of the C-list and
R-list are not used.
The process of profile negotiation is as shown below:
ORIGINATING TERMINATING
GATEWAY GATEWAY
(1) On receiving CRCX
do a policy-based ordered
intersection of the C-list,
and L-list. No R-list present.
---------------------------------->
(2)Send resulting ordered list
to the terminating gateway
via SDP.
(3) On receiving CRCX do
a policy-based
ordered
intersection of the
C-list, R-list and
L-list.
(4) The highest priority
profile in the
resulting
list is the
selected
profile.
<-----------------------------------
(5) Send selected profile
to the originating gateway
via SDP.
Prior to receiving the final profile in step 5, if the originating
gateway has indicated multiple profiles in step 2, the originating
gateway does not always have a usable basis for decoding AAL2
packets. This is because a combination of packet length and UUI
(user-to-user indication) codepoint range may indicate different
codecs in different profiles. The time lag between when the
terminating gateways start sending AAL2 packets and when the
originating gateway becomes aware of the selected AAL2 profile should
be minimized so that any ensuing clipping of the front-end of the
audio stream is tolerable for voice circuits. It is unlikely that
this will introduce errors in modem or fax circuits since these will
not have entered their user data transfer phase at this time.
When connection establishment is complete, there is only one profile
associated with a connection. This implies that both endpoints are
ready to receive, on the fly, packets that comply with any row in the
profile. Some applications may elect to associate profile rows with
one or more of the following service types: voice service, voiceband
data (modem) passthrough service and fax service. This binding can
be by default, through provisioning or as part of profile negotiation
during call establishment. Such service type associations, when
communicated to another entity, are advisory and do not limit the
requirement for supporting, at any time, on-the-fly switches to any
profile element.
Media gateways can have internal default (or provisioned) bindings
between service types and profile elements. Note that not all of
these bindings might be meaningful in an application context (e.g.,
the fax service binding might be ignored and omitted). As part of
profile negotiation, applications might choose to coordinate those
bindings that are meaningful. When this is done, the vsel, dsel and
fsel LCOs described in this document, and the vsel, dsel and fsel
media attribute lines [18] are used to effect this coordination.
Using these constructs, entities such as call agents and media
gateways can indicate preferred bindings for the first, most
preferred profile in a profile list.
When performing ordered intersections of the C-list, L-list and
R-list in the call flow above, media gateways MUST use the inter-list
priority to choose between a service to profile row binding suggested
by the call agent, the remote gateway or it own internal (provisioned
or default) binding. Thus, a service type to profile row binding
inherits its relative priority from the profile list generated by the
same source. If the C-list has the highest priority, and the first
profile in the C-list is selected as the first profile of the
intersected list, then any service type to profile row bindings
provided by the call agent via the vsel, dsel and fsel LCOs are
associated with the first profile. If the R-list has the highest
priority, and the first profile in the R-list is selected as the
first profile of the intersected list, then any service type to
profile row bindings provided by the remote gateway via the vsel,
dsel and fsel SDP attributes [18] are associated with the first
profile. If the L-list has the highest priority, then any internal
(default or provisioned) service to profile row bindings are
associated with the first profile. At the end of profile negotiation
(step 4 in the call flow above), there is one profile selected by the
terminating media gateway. It MAY convey any applicable service type
to profile row bindings for this profile to the originating gateway
via the vsel, dsel and fsel SDP attributes [18].
If the first profile in the intersected list is not the first profile
in the highest priority profile list, then any service to profile row
bindings associated with the highest priority profile list cannot be
used with the first (or only profile) in the intersected list. In
this case, the originating or terminating media gateway MUST attempt
to associate internal (default or provisioned) service to profile row
bindings with the first (or only profile) in the intersected list.
Since there is more than one service type, it is possible that the
service type to profile row bindings for the first profile in the
intersected list be derived from different sources (the call agent,
the remote media gateway, internal defaults or provisioning). For
consistency, if the voiceband data (passthrough) service mappings
include fax, then a different set of fax service mappings cannot
apply to the profile under consideration. If applied in this case,
the set of fax service mappings must include the same codecs, packet
lengths and packetization periods as the voiceband data service
mappings. However, they may be in a different order.
If the media gateway lumps fax service with voiceband data (modem)
passthrough service, then it can ignore any fax service to profile
row bindings provided by another entity such as the call agent or the
remote gateway. From the media gateway's perspective, there is no
distinct fax service in this case. In this case, the media gateway
will not indicate a separate preference for the use of certain
profile rows in conjunction with fax service.
It is possible that the procedure described in this section for
associating service types with profile rows fail to yield mappings
between a given service type and the row(s) of the first profile in
the intersected list of profiles. This is acceptable since these
bindings are merely indications of the preferred codecs and
packetizations in the context of a given service. They do not
obviate the AAL2 requirement that, given a profile that is bound to a
connection, a transmitter may switch to any profile row on the fly.
An example of profile negotiation:
The L-list at gateway #1, which is the originating gateway in this
example, is:
custom 100, itu 3, itu 1, itu 8
The L-list at gateway #2, which is the terminating gateway in this
example, is:
itu 2, itu 3, itu 1, itu 5
The originating call agent sends the following profile list (C-list)
to the originating gateway in the first create connection command:
itu 8, itu 9, atmf 7, itu 3, itu 1, custom 100
Further, the originating call agent qualifies the first profile in
its list with the following service type bindings:
L: atm/vsel:"G729 10 10000", atm/dsel:"on PCMU 40 5000"
There is no atm/fsel local connection option. Facsimile is included
with voiceband data in the atm/dsel local connection option.
In step 1 at the originating gateway, there is no remote connection
descriptor, hence no R-list. The policy for originating calls at
gateway #1 is:
C-List > R-list > L-list
where '>' means 'has higher priority than'. The term 'R-list' can be
omitted from this series of inequalities since, in case under study,
profile negotiation does not include any further ordered
intersections at the originating gateway.
In accordance with this policy, the originating gateway performs an
ordered intersection of the C-list and the L-list to produce:
itu 8, itu 3, itu 1, custom 100
Since the C-list has the highest priority and the first profile in
the intersected profile list is also the first profile in the C-list,
the service bindings provided by the originating call agent are
associated with the first profile, itu 8. The originating gateway
sends this result(intersected profile list and service bindings for
the first profile, itu 8) via the SDP remote session descriptor to
the terminating gateway. The service bindings are expressed as
follows [18]:
a=vsel:G729 10 10000
a=dsel:on PCMU 40 5000
The intersected profile list produced by gateway 1 becomes the R-list
for gateway #2. The terminating call agent sends the following
profile list (C-list) to the terminating gateway in the first create
connection command:
itu 1, itu 4, itu 3, custom 110, custom 100, itu 2
Any service bindings (not shown) sent by the terminating call agent
apply to the first profile in this list, itu 1.
The policy for terminating calls at gateway #2 is:
R-list > L-list > C-list
Using this policy, gateway #2 produces the following ordered
intersection of R-list, L-list and C-list:
itu 3, itu 1
The first profile in this list, itu 3, is to be used for this
connection. Gateway 2 indicates this to the call agent through the
SDP local connection descriptor.
Note that the service bindings provided by the originating gateway
have not been specified with respect to itu 3. Therefore, these
cannot be used even though the R-list has the highest priority at the
terminating gateway. Any existing internal (default or provisioned)
service bindings for AAL2 profile itu 3 must be associated by the
terminating gateway with the selected profile, itu 3. Those service
bindings that are internally unavailable are left unspecified.
Since the internal service type bindings do exist for the profile itu
3 at the terminating gateway, they are selected and bound to the
connection. In these, fax service is lumped with voiceband data
passthrough. These bindings are indicated to the originating gateway
via the following SDP media attribute lines:
a=vsel:G726-32 20 5000 G726-24 15 5000
a=dsel:on PCMU 40 5000 G726-40 25 5000
The vsel line maps voice service to certain rows in the itu 3 profile
table. The dsel line maps voiceband data service to certain rows in
the itu 3 profile table. The "on" in the dsel line indicates that
voiceband data includes fax, otherwise a separate fsel line might
have been used. Two codecs each are indicated for voice and for
voiceband data, with the first codec being the preferred one.
Although the originating gateway is not constrained by these advisory
indications of profile element to service type mapping, applications
may choose to limit on-the-fly switches based on the current service
state (voice, voiceband data etc.). If done, this provides greater
simplicity at the expense of flexibility.
7.0 Security Considerations
The ATM package extends the base Media Gateway Control Protocol
(MGCP) [36]. This package specifies no additional security
requirements or recommendations over those of the base MGCP protocol.
8.0 IANA Considerations
The ATM package described in this document has been registered as an
MGCP package under the name "atm", without the quotes. The current
version of this package is 0 (default). This registration has been
completed per the IANA considerations in the MGCP specification [36].
The contact for the MGCP ATM package is the author of this document
(Section 12).
9.0 References
[1] ITU-T I.366.1, B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer Specification: Type 1
AAL.
[2] ITU-T I.366.2, AAL Type 2 Reassembly Service Specific
Convergence Sublayer for Trunking, Nov. 2000.
[3] af-vtoa-0113.000, ATM trunking using AAL2 for narrowband
services.
[4] ITU Q. 2965.1, Digital subscriber signalling system no.2 (DSS 2)
- Support of Quality of Service classes.
[5] ITU Q.2961, Digital subscriber signalling system no.2 (DSS 2) -
additional traffic parameters. Also, Amendment 2 to Q.2961.
[6] ATMF UNI 4.0 Signaling Specification, af-sig-0061.000.
[7] ITU Q. 2965.2, Digital subscriber signalling system no.2 (DSS 2)
- Signalling of individual Quality of Service parameters.
[8] ATMF Traffic Management Specification, Version 4.1, af-tm-
0121.000.
[9] I.356, BISDN ATM layer cell transfer performance.
[10] ITU-T I.363.2, B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer Specification: Type 2
AAL, Sept. 1997.
[11] ITU-T I.366.1, Segmentation and Reassembly Service Specific
Convergence Sublayer for AAL Type 2, June 1998.
[12] H.323-2, Packet-based multimedia communications systems.
[13] af-vtoa-0083.000, Voice and Telephony Over ATM to the Desktop.
[14] Q.2110, B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer - service specific
connection oriented protocol (SSCOP).
[15] I.365.1,Frame relaying service specific convergence sublayer
(FR-SSCS).
[16] I.365.2, B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer sublayers: service specific
coordination function to provide the connection oriented network
service.
[17] I.365.3, B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer sublayers: service specific
coordination function to provide the connection-oriented
transport service.
[18] Kumar, R. and M. Mostafa, "Conventions for the use of the
Session Description Protocol (SDP) for ATM Bearer Connections",
RFC 3108, May 2001.
[19] ITU I.371, Traffic Control and Congestion Control in the BISDN.
[20] ATMF Circuit Emulation Service (CES) Interoperability
Specification, af-vtoa-0078.000.
[21] af-vmoa-0145.000, Voice and Multimedia over ATM, Loop Emulation
Service using AAL2.
[22] ITU-T H.222.1, Multimedia multiplex and synchronization for
audiovisual communication in ATM environments.
[23] FRF.5, Frame Relay/ATM PVC Network Interworking Implementation
Agreement.
[24] FRF.8, Frame Relay/ATM PVC Service Interworking Implementation
Agreement.
[25] FRF.11, Voice over Frame Relay Implementation Agreement.
[26] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description
Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998.
[27] ITU-T I.363.5, B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer Specification: Type 5
AAL, Aug. 1996.
[28] I.365.4, B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer sublayers: Service specific
convergence sublayer for HDLC applications.
[29] ITU-T Q.2931, B-ISDN Application Protocol for Access Signaling.
[30] ITU Q.765.5, Application Transport Mechanism - Bearer
Independent Call Control.
[31] http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs for specifications related to
3GPP, including AMR codecs.
[32] ITU Q.931, Digital Subscriber Signaling System No. 1: Network
Layer.
[33] ITU Q.763, SS7 - ISUP formats and codes.
[34] http://www.iana.org/assignments/rtp-parameters
[35] ATMF Voice and Telephony over ATM - ATM Trunking using AAL1 for
Narrowband Services, version 1.0, af-vtoa-0089.000, July 1997.
[36] Andreasen, F. and B. Foster, "Media Gateway Control Protocol
(MGCP) Version 1.0", RFC 3435, January 2003.
[37] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description
Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998.
[38] Foster, B., "MGCP CAS Packages", RFC 3064, February 2001.
10.0 Acronyms
AAL ATM Adaptation Layer
ABR Available Bit Rate
ABT/DT ATM Block Transfer/Delayed Transmission
ABT/IT ATM Block Transfer/Immediate Transmission
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATMF ATM Forum
BCG Bearer Connection Group
CAS Channel Associated Signaling
CBR Constant Bit Rate
CDV Cell Delay Variation
CDVT Cell Delay Variation Tolerance
CID Channel Identifier
CLR Cell Loss Ratio
CPS Common Part Sublayer
DBR Deterministic Bit Rate
FEC Forward Error Correction
FRF Frame Relay Format
GFR Guaranteed Frame Rate
GWID Gateway Identifier
IP Internet Protocol
ITU International Telecommunications Union
LCO Local Connection Option
MBS Maximum Burst Size
MCR Minimum Cell Rate
MFS Maximum Frame Size
MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol
nrt-VBR Non-real-time Variable Bit Rate
NSAP Network Service Access Point
PCR Peak Cell Rate
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit
QoS Quality of Service
rt-VBR Real-time Variable Bit Rate
SAR Segmentation and Re-assembly
SCR Sustained Cell Rate
SDT Structured Data Transfer
SDU Service Data Unit
SPVC Switched Permanent Virtual Circuit
SRTS Synchronous Residual Time-Stamp
SSCOP Service-specific Connection Oriented Protocol
SSSAR Service-specific Segmentation and Re-assembly
SVC Switched Virtual Circuit
TDM Time-Division Multiplexing
UBR Unspecified Bit Rate
UDT Unstructured Data Transfer
VC Virtual Circuit
VCCI Virtual Circuit Connection Identifier
VCI Virtual Circuit Identifier
VP Virtual Path
VPCI Virtual Path Connection Identifier
VPI Virtual Path Identifier
11.0 Acknowledgements
The author wishes to thank several colleagues at Cisco and the
industry who have contributed towards the development of the MGCP ATM
package, and who have implemented and tested these constructs.
Special thanks are due to Bill Foster, Flemming Andreasen, Raghu
Thirumalai Rajan, Joe Stone, Hisham Abdelhamid, Joseph Swaminathan,
Sushma Srikanth, Amit Agrawal, Mohamed Mostafa, Latha Idury, David
Auerbach and Robert Biskner of Cisco systems and to Mahamood Hussain
of Hughes Software Systems for their contributions. Finally, thanks
are due to Scott Bradner for guiding the final phase of the
publication of this document.
12.0 Author's Address
Rajesh Kumar
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-1706
Phone: 1-408-527-0811
EMail: rkumar@cisco.com
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