| Rfc | 5019 |
|---|
| Title | The Lightweight Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) Profile
for High-Volume Environments |
|---|
| Author | A. Deacon, R. Hurst |
|---|
| Date | September 2007 |
|---|
| Format: | TXT, HTML |
|---|
| Updated by | RFC8996 |
|---|
| Status: | PROPOSED STANDARD |
|---|
|
Network Working Group A. Deacon
Request for Comments: 5019 VeriSign
Category: Standards Track R. Hurst
Microsoft
September 2007
The Lightweight Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) Profile
for High-Volume Environments
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
This specification defines a profile of the Online Certificate Status
Protocol (OCSP) that addresses the scalability issues inherent when
using OCSP in large scale (high volume) Public Key Infrastructure
(PKI) environments and/or in PKI environments that require a
lightweight solution to minimize communication bandwidth and client-
side processing.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................3
1.1. Requirements Terminology ...................................4
2. OCSP Message Profile ............................................4
2.1. OCSP Request Profile .......................................4
2.1.1. OCSPRequest Structure ...............................4
2.1.2. Signed OCSPRequests .................................5
2.2. OCSP Response Profile ......................................5
2.2.1. OCSPResponse Structure ..............................5
2.2.2. Signed OCSPResponses ................................6
2.2.3. OCSPResponseStatus Values ...........................6
2.2.4. thisUpdate, nextUpdate, and producedAt ..............7
3. Client Behavior .................................................7
3.1. OCSP Responder Discovery ...................................7
3.2. Sending an OCSP Request ....................................7
4. Ensuring an OCSPResponse Is Fresh ...............................8
5. Transport Profile ...............................................9
6. Caching Recommendations .........................................9
6.1. Caching at the Client .....................................10
6.2. HTTP Proxies ..............................................10
6.3. Caching at Servers ........................................12
7. Security Considerations ........................................12
7.1. Replay Attacks ............................................12
7.2. Man-in-the-Middle Attacks .................................13
7.3. Impersonation Attacks .....................................13
7.4. Denial-of-Service Attacks .................................13
7.5. Modification of HTTP Headers ..............................14
7.6. Request Authentication and Authorization ..................14
8. Acknowledgements ...............................................14
9. References .....................................................14
9.1. Normative References ......................................14
9.2. Informative References ....................................15
Appendix A. Example OCSP Messages .................................16
A.1. OCSP Request ..............................................16
A.2. OCSP Response .............................................16
1. Introduction
The Online Certificate Status Protocol [OCSP] specifies a mechanism
used to determine the status of digital certificates, in lieu of
using Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs). Since its definition in
1999, it has been deployed in a variety of environments and has
proven to be a useful certificate status checking mechanism. (For
brevity we refer to OCSP as being used to verify certificate status,
but only the revocation status of a certificate is checked via this
protocol.)
To date, many OCSP deployments have been used to ensure timely and
secure certificate status information for high-value electronic
transactions or highly sensitive information, such as in the banking
and financial environments. As such, the requirement for an OCSP
responder to respond in "real time" (i.e., generating a new OCSP
response for each OCSP request) has been important. In addition,
these deployments have operated in environments where bandwidth usage
is not an issue, and have run on client and server systems where
processing power is not constrained.
As the use of PKI continues to grow and move into diverse
environments, so does the need for a scalable and cost-effective
certificate status mechanism. Although OCSP as currently defined and
deployed meets the need of small to medium-sized PKIs that operate on
powerful systems on wired networks, there is a limit as to how these
OCSP deployments scale from both an efficiency and cost perspective.
Mobile environments, where network bandwidth may be at a premium and
client-side devices are constrained from a processing point of view,
require the careful use of OCSP to minimize bandwidth usage and
client-side processing complexity. [OCSPMP]
PKI continues to be deployed into environments where millions if not
hundreds of millions of certificates have been issued. In many of
these environments, an even larger number of users (also known as
relying parties) have the need to ensure that the certificate they
are relying upon has not been revoked. As such, it is important that
OCSP is used in such a way that ensures the load on OCSP responders
and the network infrastructure required to host those responders are
kept to a minimum.
This document addresses the scalability issues inherent when using
OCSP in PKI environments described above by defining a message
profile and clarifying OCSP client and responder behavior that will
permit:
1) OCSP response pre-production and distribution.
2) Reduced OCSP message size to lower bandwidth usage.
3) Response message caching both in the network and on the client.
It is intended that the normative requirements defined in this
profile will be adopted by OCSP clients and OCSP responders operating
in very large-scale (high-volume) PKI environments or PKI
environments that require a lightweight solution to minimize
bandwidth and client-side processing power (or both), as described
above. As OCSP does not have the means to signal responder
capabilities within the protocol, clients needing to differentiate
between OCSP responses produced by responders conformant with this
profile and those that are not need to rely on out-of-band mechanisms
to determine when a responder operates according to this profile and,
as such, when the requirements of this profile apply. In the case
where out-of-band mechanisms may not be available, this profile
ensures that interoperability will still occur between a fully
conformant OCSP 2560 client and a responder that is operating in a
mode as described in this specification.
1.1. Requirements Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. OCSP Message Profile
This section defines a subset of OCSPRequest and OCSPResponse
functionality as defined in [OCSP].
2.1. OCSP Request Profile
2.1.1. OCSPRequest Structure
OCSPRequests conformant to this profile MUST include only one Request
in the OCSPRequest.RequestList structure.
Clients MUST use SHA1 as the hashing algorithm for the
CertID.issuerNameHash and the CertID.issuerKeyHash values.
Clients MUST NOT include the singleRequestExtensions structure.
Clients SHOULD NOT include the requestExtensions structure. If a
requestExtensions structure is included, this profile RECOMMENDS that
it contain only the nonce extension (id-pkix-ocsp-nonce). See
Section 4 for issues concerning the use of a nonce in high-volume
OCSP environments.
2.1.2. Signed OCSPRequests
Clients SHOULD NOT send signed OCSPRequests. Responders MAY ignore
the signature on OCSPRequests.
If the OCSPRequest is signed, the client SHALL specify its name in
the OCSPRequest.requestorName field; otherwise, clients SHOULD NOT
include the requestorName field in the OCSPRequest. OCSP servers
MUST be prepared to receive unsigned OCSP requests that contain the
requestorName field, but must realize that the provided value is not
authenticated.
2.2. OCSP Response Profile
2.2.1. OCSPResponse Structure
Responders MUST generate a BasicOCSPResponse as identified by the
id-pkix-ocsp-basic OID. Clients MUST be able to parse and accept a
BasicOCSPResponse. OCSPResponses conformant to this profile SHOULD
include only one SingleResponse in the ResponseData.responses
structure, but MAY include additional SingleResponse elements if
necessary to improve response pre-generation performance or cache
efficiency.
The responder SHOULD NOT include responseExtensions. As specified in
[OCSP], clients MUST ignore unrecognized non-critical
responseExtensions in the response.
In the case where a responder does not have the ability to respond to
an OCSP request containing a option not supported by the server, it
SHOULD return the most complete response it can. For example, in the
case where a responder only supports pre-produced responses and does
not have the ability to respond to an OCSP request containing a
nonce, it SHOULD return a response that does not include a nonce.
Clients SHOULD attempt to process a response even if the response
does not include a nonce. See Section 4 for details on validating
responses that do not contain a nonce. See also Section 7 for
relevant security considerations.
Responders that do not have the ability to respond to OCSP requests
that contain an unsupported option such as a nonce MAY forward the
request to an OCSP responder capable of doing so.
The responder MAY include the singleResponse.singleResponse
extensions structure.
2.2.2. Signed OCSPResponses
Clients MUST validate the signature on the returned OCSPResponse.
If the response is signed by a delegate of the issuing certification
authority (CA), a valid responder certificate MUST be referenced in
the BasicOCSPResponse.certs structure.
It is RECOMMENDED that the OCSP responder's certificate contain the
id-pkix-ocsp-nocheck extension, as defined in [OCSP], to indicate to
the client that it need not check the certificate's status. In
addition, it is RECOMMENDED that neither an OCSP authorityInfoAccess
(AIA) extension nor cRLDistributionPoints (CRLDP) extension be
included in the OCSP responder's certificate. Accordingly, the
responder's signing certificate SHOULD be relatively short-lived and
renewed regularly.
Clients MUST be able to identify OCSP responder certificates using
both the byName and byKey ResponseData.ResponderID choices.
Responders SHOULD use byKey to further reduce the size of the
response in scenarios where reducing bandwidth is an issue.
2.2.3. OCSPResponseStatus Values
As long as the OCSP infrastructure has authoritative records for a
particular certificate, an OCSPResponseStatus of "successful" will be
returned. When access to authoritative records for a particular
certificate is not available, the responder MUST return an
OCSPResponseStatus of "unauthorized". As such, this profile extends
the RFC 2560 [OCSP] definition of "unauthorized" as follows:
The response "unauthorized" is returned in cases where the client
is not authorized to make this query to this server or the server
is not capable of responding authoritatively.
For example, OCSP responders that do not have access to authoritative
records for a requested certificate, such as those that generate and
distribute OCSP responses in advance and thus do not have the ability
to properly respond with a signed "successful" yet "unknown"
response, will respond with an OCSPResponseStatus of "unauthorized".
Also, in order to ensure the database of revocation information does
not grow unbounded over time, the responder MAY remove the status
records of expired certificates. Requests from clients for
certificates whose record has been removed will result in an
OCSPResponseStatus of "unauthorized".
Security considerations regarding the use of unsigned responses are
discussed in [OCSP].
2.2.4. thisUpdate, nextUpdate, and producedAt
When pre-producing OCSPResponse messages, the responder MUST set the
thisUpdate, nextUpdate, and producedAt times as follows:
thisUpdate The time at which the status being indicated is known
to be correct.
nextUpdate The time at or before which newer information will be
available about the status of the certificate.
Responders MUST always include this value to aid in
response caching. See Section 6 for additional
information on caching.
producedAt The time at which the OCSP response was signed.
Note: In many cases the value of thisUpdate and producedAt will be
the same.
For the purposes of this profile, ASN.1-encoded GeneralizedTime
values such as thisUpdate, nextUpdate, and producedAt MUST be
expressed Greenwich Mean Time (Zulu) and MUST include seconds (i.e.,
times are YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ), even where the number of seconds is zero.
GeneralizedTime values MUST NOT include fractional seconds.
3. Client Behavior
3.1. OCSP Responder Discovery
Clients MUST support the authorityInfoAccess extension as defined in
[PKIX] and MUST recognize the id-ad-ocsp access method. This enables
CAs to inform clients how they can contact the OCSP service.
In the case where a client is checking the status of a certificate
that contains both an authorityInformationAccess (AIA) extension
pointing to an OCSP responder and a cRLDistributionPoints extension
pointing to a CRL, the client SHOULD attempt to contact the OCSP
responder first. Clients MAY attempt to retrieve the CRL if no
OCSPResponse is received from the responder after a locally
configured timeout and number of retries.
3.2. Sending an OCSP Request
To avoid needless network traffic, applications MUST verify the
signature of signed data before asking an OCSP client to check the
status of certificates used to verify the data. If the signature is
invalid or the application is not able to verify it, an OCSP check
MUST NOT be requested.
Similarly, an application MUST validate the signature on certificates
in a chain, before asking an OCSP client to check the status of the
certificate. If the certificate signature is invalid or the
application is not able to verify it, an OCSP check MUST NOT be
requested. Clients SHOULD NOT make a request to check the status of
expired certificates.
4. Ensuring an OCSPResponse Is Fresh
In order to ensure that a client does not accept an out-of-date
response that indicates a 'good' status when in fact there is a more
up-to-date response that specifies the status of 'revoked', a client
must ensure the responses they receive are fresh.
In general, two mechanisms are available to clients to ensure a
response is fresh. The first uses nonces, and the second is based on
time. In order for time-based mechanisms to work, both clients and
responders MUST have access to an accurate source of time.
Because this profile specifies that clients SHOULD NOT include a
requestExtensions structure in OCSPRequests (see Section 2.1),
clients MUST be able to determine OCSPResponse freshness based on an
accurate source of time. Clients that opt to include a nonce in the
request SHOULD NOT reject a corresponding OCSPResponse solely on the
basis of the nonexistent expected nonce, but MUST fall back to
validating the OCSPResponse based on time.
Clients that do not include a nonce in the request MUST ignore any
nonce that may be present in the response.
Clients MUST check for the existence of the nextUpdate field and MUST
ensure the current time, expressed in GMT time as described in
Section 2.2.4, falls between the thisUpdate and nextUpdate times. If
the nextUpdate field is absent, the client MUST reject the response.
If the nextUpdate field is present, the client MUST ensure that it is
not earlier than the current time. If the current time on the client
is later than the time specified in the nextUpdate field, the client
MUST reject the response as stale. Clients MAY allow configuration
of a small tolerance period for acceptance of responses after
nextUpdate to handle minor clock differences relative to responders
and caches. This tolerance period should be chosen based on the
accuracy and precision of time synchronization technology available
to the calling application environment. For example, Internet peers
with low latency connections typically expect NTP time
synchronization to keep them accurate within parts of a second;
higher latency environments or where an NTP analogue is not available
may have to be more liberal in their tolerance.
See the security considerations in Section 7 for additional details
on replay and man-in-the-middle attacks.
5. Transport Profile
The OCSP responder MUST support requests and responses over HTTP.
When sending requests that are less than or equal to 255 bytes in
total (after encoding) including the scheme and delimiters (http://),
server name and base64-encoded OCSPRequest structure, clients MUST
use the GET method (to enable OCSP response caching). OCSP requests
larger than 255 bytes SHOULD be submitted using the POST method. In
all cases, clients MUST follow the descriptions in A.1.1 of [OCSP]
when constructing these messages.
When constructing a GET message, OCSP clients MUST base64 encode the
OCSPRequest structure and append it to the URI specified in the AIA
extension [PKIX]. Clients MUST NOT include CR or LF characters in
the base64-encoded string. Clients MUST properly URL-encode the
base64 encoded OCSPRequest. For example:
http://ocsp.example.com/MEowSDBGMEQwQjAKBggqhkiG9w0CBQQQ7sp6GTKpL
2dAdeGaW267owQQqInESWQD0mGeBArSgv%2FBWQIQLJx%2Fg9xF8oySYzol80Mbpg
%3D%3D
In response to properly formatted OCSPRequests that are cachable
(i.e., responses that contain a nextUpdate value), the responder will
include the binary value of the DER encoding of the OCSPResponse
preceded by the following HTTP [HTTP] headers.
content-type: application/ocsp-response
content-length: <OCSP response length>
last-modified: <producedAt [HTTP] date>
ETag: "<strong validator>"
expires: <nextUpdate [HTTP] date>
cache-control: max-age=<n>, public, no-transform, must-revalidate
date: <current [HTTP] date>
See Section 6.2 for details on the use of these headers.
6. Caching Recommendations
The ability to cache OCSP responses throughout the network is an
important factor in high volume OCSP deployments. This section
discusses the recommended caching behavior of OCSP clients and HTTP
proxies and the steps that should be taken to minimize the number of
times that OCSP clients "hit the wire". In addition, the concept of
including OCSP responses in protocol exchanges (aka stapling or
piggybacking), such as has been defined in TLS, is also discussed.
6.1. Caching at the Client
To minimize bandwidth usage, clients MUST locally cache authoritative
OCSP responses (i.e., a response with a signature that has been
successfully validated and that indicate an OCSPResponseStatus of
'successful').
Most OCSP clients will send OCSPRequests at or near the nextUpdate
time (when a cached response expires). To avoid large spikes in
responder load that might occur when many clients refresh cached
responses for a popular certificate, responders MAY indicate when the
client should fetch an updated OCSP response by using the cache-
control:max-age directive. Clients SHOULD fetch the updated OCSP
Response on or after the max-age time. To ensure that clients
receive an updated OCSP response, OCSP responders MUST refresh the
OCSP response before the max-age time.
6.2. HTTP Proxies
The responder SHOULD set the HTTP headers of the OCSP response in
such a way as to allow for the intelligent use of intermediate HTTP
proxy servers. See [HTTP] for the full definition of these headers
and the proper format of any date and time values.
HTTP Header Description
=========== ====================================================
date The date and time at which the OCSP server generated
the HTTP response.
last-modified This value specifies the date and time at which the
OCSP responder last modified the response. This date
and time will be the same as the thisUpdate timestamp
in the request itself.
expires Specifies how long the response is considered fresh.
This date and time will be the same as the nextUpdate
timestamp in the OCSP response itself.
ETag A string that identifies a particular version of the
associated data. This profile RECOMMENDS that the
ETag value be the ASCII HEX representation of the
SHA1 hash of the OCSPResponse structure.
cache-control Contains a number of caching directives.
* max-age=<n> -where n is a time value later than
thisUpdate but earlier than
nextUpdate.
* public -makes normally uncachable response
cachable by both shared and nonshared
caches.
* no-transform -specifies that a proxy cache cannot
change the type, length, or encoding
of the object content.
* must-revalidate -prevents caches from intentionally
returning stale responses.
OCSP responders MUST NOT include a "Pragma: no-cache", "Cache-
Control: no-cache", or "Cache-Control: no-store" header in
authoritative OCSP responses.
OCSP responders SHOULD include one or more of these headers in non-
authoritative OCSP responses.
For example, assume that an OCSP response has the following timestamp
values:
thisUpdate = May 1, 2005 01:00:00 GMT
nextUpdate = May 3, 2005 01:00:00 GMT
productedAt = May 1, 2005 01:00:00 GMT
and that an OCSP client requests the response on May 2, 2005 01:00:00
GMT. In this scenario, the HTTP response may look like this:
content-type: application/ocsp-response
content-length: 1000
date: Fri, 02 May 2005 01:00:00 GMT
last-modified: Thu, 01 May 2005 01:00:00 GMT
ETag: "c66c0341abd7b9346321d5470fd0ec7cc4dae713"
expires: Sat, 03 May 2005 01:00:00 GMT
cache-control: max-age=86000,public,no-transform,must-revalidate
<...>
OCSP clients MUST NOT include a no-cache header in OCSP request
messages, unless the client encounters an expired response which may
be a result of an intermediate proxy caching stale data. In this
situation, clients SHOULD resend the request specifying that proxies
should be bypassed by including an appropriate HTTP header in the
request (i.e., Pragma: no-cache or Cache-Control: no-cache).
6.3. Caching at Servers
In some scenarios, it is advantageous to include OCSP response
information within the protocol being utilized between the client and
server. Including OCSP responses in this manner has a few attractive
effects.
First, it allows for the caching of OCSP responses on the server,
thus lowering the number of hits to the OCSP responder.
Second, it enables certificate validation in the event the client is
not connected to a network and thus eliminates the need for clients
to establish a new HTTP session with the responder.
Third, it reduces the number of round trips the client needs to make
in order to complete a handshake.
Fourth, it simplifies the client-side OCSP implementation by enabling
a situation where the client need only the ability to parse and
recognize OCSP responses.
This functionality has been specified as an extension to the TLS
[TLS] protocol in Section 3.6 [TLSEXT], but can be applied to any
client-server protocol.
This profile RECOMMENDS that both TLS clients and servers implement
the certificate status request extension mechanism for TLS.
Further information regarding caching issues can be obtained from RFC
3143 [RFC3143].
7. Security Considerations
The following considerations apply in addition to the security
considerations addressed in Section 5 of [OCSP].
7.1. Replay Attacks
Because the use of nonces in this profile is optional, there is a
possibility that an out of date OCSP response could be replayed, thus
causing a client to accept a good response when in fact there is a
more up-to-date response that specifies the status of revoked. In
order to mitigate this attack, clients MUST have access to an
accurate source of time and ensure that the OCSP responses they
receive are sufficiently fresh.
Clients that do not have an accurate source of date and time are
vulnerable to service disruption. For example, a client with a
sufficiently fast clock may reject a fresh OCSP response. Similarly
a client with a sufficiently slow clock may incorrectly accept
expired valid responses for certificates that may in fact be revoked.
Future versions of the OCSP protocol may provide a way for the client
to know whether the server supports nonces or does not support
nonces. If a client can determine that the server supports nonces,
it MUST reject a reply that does not contain an expected nonce.
Otherwise, clients that opt to include a nonce in the request SHOULD
NOT reject a corresponding OCSPResponse solely on the basis of the
nonexistent expected nonce, but MUST fall back to validating the
OCSPResponse based on time.
7.2. Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
To mitigate risk associated with this class of attack, the client
must properly validate the signature on the response.
The use of signed responses in OCSP serves to authenticate the
identity of the OCSP responder and to verify that it is authorized to
sign responses on the CA's behalf.
Clients MUST ensure that they are communicating with an authorized
responder by the rules described in [OCSP], Section 4.2.2.2.
7.3. Impersonation Attacks
The use of signed responses in OCSP serves to authenticate the
identity of OCSP responder.
As detailed in [OCSP], clients must properly validate the signature
of the OCSP response and the signature on the OCSP response signer
certificate to ensure an authorized responder created it.
7.4. Denial-of-Service Attacks
OCSP responders should take measures to prevent or mitigate denial-
of-service attacks. As this profile specifies the use of unsigned
OCSPRequests, access to the responder may be implicitly given to
everyone who can send a request to a responder, and thus the ability
to mount a denial-of-service attack via a flood of requests may be
greater. For example, a responder could limit the rate of incoming
requests from a particular IP address if questionable behavior is
detected.
7.5. Modification of HTTP Headers
Values included in HTTP headers, as described in Sections 5 and 6,
are not cryptographically protected; they may be manipulated by an
attacker. Clients SHOULD use these values for caching guidance only
and ultimately SHOULD rely only on the values present in the signed
OCSPResponse. Clients SHOULD NOT rely on cached responses beyond the
nextUpdate time.
7.6. Request Authentication and Authorization
The suggested use of unsigned requests in this environment removes an
option that allows the responder to determine the authenticity of
incoming request. Thus, access to the responder may be implicitly
given to everyone who can send a request to a responder.
Environments where explicit authorization to access the OCSP
responder is necessary can utilize other mechanisms to authenticate
requestors or restrict or meter service.
8. Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Magnus Nystrom of RSA Security, Inc.,
Jagjeet Sondh of Vodafone Group R&D, and David Engberg of CoreStreet,
Ltd. for their contributions to this specification.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[HTTP] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter,
L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer
Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[OCSP] Myers, M., Ankney, R., Malpani, A., Galperin, S., and C.
Adams, "X.509 Internet Public Key Infrastructure: Online
Certificate Status Protocol - OCSP", RFC 2560, June 1999.
[PKIX] Housley, R., Polk, W., Ford, W., and D. Solo, "Internet
Public Key Infrastructure - Certificate and Certificate
Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 3280, April 2002.
[TLS] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
Protocol Version 1.1", RFC 4346, April 2006.
[TLSEXT] Blake-Wilson, S., Nystrom, M., Hopwood, D., Mikkelsen, J.,
and T. Wright, "Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions",
RFC 4366, April 2006.
9.2. Informative References
[OCSPMP] "OCSP Mobile Profile V1.0", Open Mobile Alliance,
www.openmobilealliance.org.
[RFC3143] Cooper, I. and J. Dilley, "Known HTTP Proxy/Caching
Problems", RFC 3143, June 2001.
Appendix A. Example OCSP Messages
A.1. OCSP Request
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
NULL
}
OCTET STRING
C0 FE 02 78 FC 99 18 88 91 B3 F2 12 E9 C7 E1 B2
1A B7 BF C0
OCTET STRING
0D FC 1D F0 A9 E0 F0 1C E7 F2 B2 13 17 7E 6F 8D
15 7C D4 F6
INTEGER
09 34 23 72 E2 3A EF 46 7C 83 2D 07 F8 DC 22 BA
}
}
}
}
}
A.2. OCSP Response
SEQUENCE {
ENUMERATED 0
[0] {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ocspBasic (1 3 6 1 5 5 7 48 1 1)
OCTET STRING, encapsulates {
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
[0] {
INTEGER 0
}
[1] {
SEQUENCE {
SET {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER organizationName (2 5 4 10)
PrintableString 'Example Trust Network'
}
}
SET {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
PrintableString 'Example, Inc.'
}
}
SET {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
PrintableString
'Example OCSP Responder'
}
}
}
}
GeneralizedTime 07/11/2005 23:52:44 GMT
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
NULL
}
OCTET STRING
C0 FE 02 78 FC 99 18 88 91 B3 F2 12 E9 C7 E1 B2
1A B7 BF C0
OCTET STRING
0D FC 1D F0 A9 E0 F0 1C E7 F2 B2 13 17 7E 6F 8D
15 7C D4 F6
INTEGER
09 34 23 72 E2 3A EF 46 7C 83 2D 07 F8 DC 22 BA
}
[0]
Error: Object has zero length.
GeneralizedTime 07/11/2005 23:52:44 GMT
[0] {
GeneralizedTime 14/11/2005 23:52:44 GMT
}
}
}
}
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
sha1withRSAEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 5)
NULL
}
BIT STRING
0E 9F F0 52 B1 A7 42 B8 6E C1 35 E1 0E D5 A9 E2
F5 C5 3C 16 B1 A3 A7 A2 03 8A 2B 4D 2C F1 B4 98
8E 19 DB BA 1E 1E 72 FF 32 F4 44 E0 B2 77 1C D7
3C 9E 78 F3 D1 82 68 86 63 12 7F A4 6F F0 4D 84
EA F8 E2 F7 5D E3 48 44 57 28 80 C7 57 3C FE E1
42 0E 5E 17 FC 60 D8 05 D9 EF E2 53 E7 AB 7F 3A
A8 84 AA 5E 46 5B E7 B8 1F C6 B1 35 AD FF D1 CC
BA 58 7D E8 29 60 79 F7 41 02 EA E0 82 0E A6 30
[0] {
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
[0] {
INTEGER 2
}
INTEGER
49 4A 02 37 1B 1E 70 67 41 6C 9F 06 2F D8 FE DA
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
sha1withRSAEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 5)
NULL
}
SEQUENCE {
SET {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
organizationName (2 5 4 10)
PrintableString 'Example Trust Network'
}
}
SET {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
PrintableString 'Example, Inc.'
}
}
SET {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
PrintableString
'Example CA'
}
}
}
SEQUENCE {
UTCTime 08/10/2005 00:00:00 GMT
UTCTime 06/01/2006 23:59:59 GMT
}
SEQUENCE {
SET {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
organizationName (2 5 4 10)
PrintableString 'Example Trust Network'
}
}
SET {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
PrintableString 'Example, Inc.'
}
}
SET {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
PrintableString
'Example OCSP Responder'
}
}
}
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
NULL
}
BIT STRING, encapsulates {
SEQUENCE {
INTEGER
00 AF C9 7A F5 09 CA D1 08 8C 82 6D AC D9 63 4D
D2 64 17 79 CB 1E 1C 1C 0C 6E 28 56 B5 16 4A 4A
00 1A C1 B0 74 D7 B4 55 9D 2A 99 1F 0E 4A E3 5F
81 AF 8D 07 23 C3 30 28 61 3F B0 C8 1D 4E A8 9C
A6 32 B4 D2 63 EC F7 C1 55 7A 73 2A 51 99 00 D5
0F B2 4E 11 5B 83 55 83 4C 0E DD 12 0C BD 7E 41
04 3F 5F D9 2A 65 88 3C 2A BA 20 76 1D 1F 59 3E
D1 85 F7 4B E2 81 50 9C 78 96 1B 37 73 12 1A D2
[ Another 1 bytes skipped ]
INTEGER 65537
}
}
}
[3] {
SEQUENCE {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
basicConstraints (2 5 29 19)
OCTET STRING, encapsulates {
SEQUENCE {}
}
}
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER extKeyUsage (2 5 29 37)
OCTET STRING, encapsulates {
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
ocspSigning (1 3 6 1 5 5 7 3 9)
}
}
}
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER keyUsage (2 5 29 15)
OCTET STRING, encapsulates {
BIT STRING 7 unused bits
'1'B (bit 0)
}
}
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
ocspNoCheck (1 3 6 1 5 5 7 48 1 5)
OCTET STRING, encapsulates {
NULL
}
}
}
}
}
SEQUENCE {
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
sha1withRSAEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 5)
NULL
}
BIT STRING
3A 68 5F 6A F8 87 36 4A E2 22 46 5C C8 F5 0E CE
1A FA F2 25 E1 51 AB 37 BE D4 10 C8 15 93 39 73
C8 59 0F F0 39 67 29 C2 60 20 F7 3F FE A0 37 AB
80 0B F9 3D 38 D4 48 67 E4 FA FD 4E 12 BF 55 29
14 E9 CC CB DD 13 82 E9 C4 4D D3 85 33 C1 35 E5
8F 38 01 A7 F7 FD EB CD DE F2 F7 85 86 AE E3 1B
9C FD 1D 07 E5 28 F2 A0 5E AC BF 9E 0B 34 A1 B4
3A A9 0E C5 8A 34 3F 65 D3 10 63 A4 5E 21 71 5A
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
Authors' Addresses
Alex Deacon
VeriSign, Inc.
487 E. Middlefield Road
Mountain View, CA 94043
USA
Phone: 1-650-426-3478
EMail: alex@verisign.com
Ryan Hurst
Microsoft
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052
USA
Phone: 1-425-707-8979
EMail: rmh@microsoft.com
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