| Rfc | 3660 |
|---|
| Title | Basic Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Packages |
|---|
| Author | B. Foster, F.
Andreasen |
|---|
| Date | December 2003 |
|---|
| Format: | TXT, HTML |
|---|
| Updates | RFC2705 |
|---|
| Status: | INFORMATIONAL |
|---|
|
Network Working Group B. Foster
Request for Comments: 3660 F. Andreasen
Updates: 2705 Cisco Systems
Category: Informational December 2003
Basic Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Packages
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
IESG Note
This document is being published for the information of the
community. It describes a non-IETF protocol that is currently being
deployed in a number of products. Implementers should be aware of
RFC 3525 [37], which was developed in the IETF Megaco Working Group
and the ITU-T SG16, and is considered by the IETF and ITU-T to be the
standards-based (including reviewed security considerations) way to
meet the needs that MGCP was designed to address. The IETF Megaco
Working Group and the ITU-T Study Group 16 are developing extensions
to RFC 3525 [37] that for functions of the type in addressed in this
document.
Abstract
This document provides a basic set of Media Gateway Control Protocol
(MGCP) packages. The generic, line, trunk, handset, RTP, DTMF (Dual
Tone Multifrequency), announcement server and script packages are
updates of packages from RFC 2705 with additional explanation and in
some cases new versions of these packages. In addition to these,
five new packages are defined here. These are the signal list,
resource reservation, media format, supplementary services and digit
map extension packages.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. List of Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Changes to Existing RFC 2705 Packages. . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.1. Change in Signal Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.2. Operation Complete and Operation Failure . . . . 3
1.2.3. Package Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.4. Event Definitions, Aliases and Interoperability
Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.5. New Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3. New Packages and Excluded Packages . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1. Generic Media Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2. DTMF Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3. Trunk Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4. Line Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.5. Handset Emulation Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.6. Supplementary Services Tone Package. . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.7. Digit Map Extension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.8. Signal List Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.9. Media Format Parameter Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.10. RTP Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.11. Resource Reservation Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.11.1. Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.11.2. Parameter Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.11.3. Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.12. Announcement Server Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.13. Script Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3. IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4. Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7. Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
8. Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
1. Introduction
This document provides a basic set of Media Gateway Control Protocol
(MGCP) packages. The generic, line, trunk, handset, RTP, DTMF,
announcement server and script packages are updates of packages from
RFC 2705 [38] with additional explanation and in some cases new
versions of these packages. In addition to these, five new packages
are defined here. These are the signal list, resource reservation,
media format, supplementary services and digit map extension
packages.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [31].
1.1. List of Packages
The basic set of packages specified in this document is for use with
MGCP 1.0 as defined in [1]. Included are the following packages:
-------------------------------------------
| Package | Name |
|-------------------------------------------|
| Generic Media Package | G |
| DTMF package | D |
| Trunk Package | T |
| Line Package | L |
| Handset Package | H |
| Supplementary Services Package | SST |
| Digit Map Extension | DM1 |
| Signal List Package | SL |
| Media Format Package | FM |
| RTP Package | R |
| Resource Reservation Package | RES |
| Announcement Server Package | A |
| Script Package | Script |
-------------------------------------------
1.2. Changes to Existing RFC 2705 Packages
1.2.1. Change in signal types
MGCP 1.0, as defined in RFC 2705 [38] (and now updated in [1]),
provided some additional clarification on the meaning of On-Off (OO)
signals compared to earlier versions of MGCP. This lead to some
inconsistency in some of the signal definitions in the accompanying
packages in RFC 2705 [38]. This has been corrected in the packages
that are included here by changing some of the signals from type On-
Off to type Time-Out (TO).
1.2.2. Operation Complete and Operation Failure
Another change made to improve consistency and interoperability was
to add the "operation complete" and "operation failure" events in
packages where there are TO signals defined, but where the "operation
complete" and "operation failure" events were not previously included
as part of the package. By definition, all packages that contain
Time-Out type signals now contain the "operation failure" ("of") and
"operation complete" ("oc") events as defined in [1], irrespective of
whether they are provided as part of the package description or not.
If a package without Time-Out signals contains definitions for the
"oc" and "of" events, the event definitions provided in the package
may over-ride those indicated here. Such practice is however
discouraged and is purely allowed to avoid potential backwards
compatibility problems.
It is considered good practice to explicitly mention that the "oc"
and "of" events are supported in accordance with their default
definitions. If no definition is included in the package, the
default syntax and semantics are assumed.
Please refer to [1] for additional details on these events.
1.2.3. Package Versions
The generic, line, trunk, handset, RTP, DTMF, announcement server and
script packages included in this document are new versions of
packages that were previously contained in RFC 2705 [38]. The
updated base MGCP 1.0 specification [1] provides an optional
capability of auditing package versions. Any gateway that implements
versioned packages SHOULD also implement this option.
1.2.4. Event Definitions, Aliases and Interoperability Issues
Some event definitions or clarifications of previous event
definitions have also been added in order to improve
interoperability.
In some cases, events have aliases either in the same or in other
packages and a recommendation has been made for the use of alternates
by Call Agents for future implementations. For maximum
interoperability, gateways MUST still implement these events (in fact
they MUST always implement all of the events, signals, etc. in a
package).
Some events that were previously defined require specific
provisioning in both the gateway and the Call Agent in order to allow
for interoperability. In those cases, a warning to that affect has
been included.
1.2.5. New Events
In some cases, new events have been added to existing packages. Any
changes to existing packages of course have resulted in the package
version number being updated from unversioned (version 0) to version
1.
1.3. New Packages and Excluded Packages
Two packages from RFC 2705 [38] have not been included. These are
the "MF" and the "NAS" packages. These packages are still valid as
are all unversioned (version 0) packages defined in RFC 2705 [38].
The reason these packages were not included are:
* The original MF package had no defined way to outpulse MF
digits so that MF CAS is now provided by other packages (i.e.,
the "MS", "MO" and "MD" packages) in a separate document.
* The "N" package, as defined in RFC 2705 [38], was incomplete.
A new MGCP "NAS" package has been developed and provided in a
separate document.
New packages have also been included beyond what was included in RFC
2705 [38]. These are the signal list, resource reservation, media
format, supplementary services and digit map extension packages. The
Resource Reservation ("RES") and Media Format ("FM") packages in
particular are different from other packages in this document in that
they contain new LocalConnectionOptions. This is allowed by the new
extension rules in [1]. Future packages of this type MUST use a
packages prefix in front of local connection options ("<package-
name>/<Local Connection Option>") so as to avoid name-space problems.
However because of the timing of the arrival of these packages
relative to updating MGCP 1.0, this was not done for the "RES" and
"FM" packages. The resulting new local connection options have been
registered with IANA. For future cases where a package prefix is
included, only the package name needs to be registered.
2. Packages
For those packages that involve MGCP events, the terms "signal" and
"event" are used to differentiate a request from a Call Agent to a
Media Gateway to apply an event ("signal"), from the request for the
detection of an "event" that occurs on the Media Gateway and is
"Notified" to the Call Agent.
For packages that involve events and signals, the tables contain five
columns:
Symbol: the (package) unique symbol used to identify the event.
Definition: a short description of the event.
R: an x appears in this column if the event can be requested by
the Call Agent. Alternatively, one or more of the following
symbols may appear. An "S" is included if the event-state may be
audited. A "C" indicates that the event can be detected on a
connection, and a "P" indicates the event is persistent.
S: if nothing appears in this column for an event, then the event
cannot be signaled by the Call Agent. Otherwise, the following
symbols identify the type of event:
* OO On/Off signal
* TO Time-Out signal.
* BR Brief signal.
In addition, a "C" will be included if the signal can be generated
on a connection.
Duration: specifies the default duration of TO signals. If a
duration is left unspecified, then the default timeout will be
assumed to be infinite, unless explicitly noted in the description
of the signal. A duration may also be declared as being variable
in a case where signals involve complex sequencing (e.g., scripts
or digit out-pulsing) where the amount of time may vary with
either processing time or the signaling environment.
Default time-out values may be over-ridden by the Call Agent for any
Time-Out event defined in this document (with the exception of those
that have a default value of "variable") by a "to" signal parameter
which specifies the timeout value in milliseconds (see [1]). The
following example indicates a timeout value of 20 seconds:
S: sst/cw(to=20000)
As indicated in [1]: by default, a supplied time-out value MAY be
rounded to the nearest non-zero value divisible by 1000, i.e., whole
second. However, individual signal definitions within a package may
define other rounding rules.
Note that Time-Out signals that involve other parameters still allow
the use of the "to" signal parameter e.g.:
S: T/sit(1,to=3000)
The order of the "to" parameter relative to the other parameters is
not important.
Note: as per [1], On-Off (OO) signals are parameterized with "+"
(meaning turn on) or "-" (meaning turn off). If the parameter is
missing, the default is to turn on the signal. Unlike Time-Out
signals, On-Off signals do not stop when an event occurs.
Other than the "to" parameter for Time-out (TO) signals and the "+"
and "-" for On-Off (OO) signals, signals and events in the packages
in this document do not have parameters unless explicitly indicated
in the description of the event for that package.
In some of the signal definitions below, specific tone definitions
are provided even though actual frequencies may vary from country to
country.
2.1. Generic Media Package
Package Name: G
Version: 1
The generic media package groups the events and signals that can be
observed on several types of endpoints, such as trunk gateway
endpoints, access gateway endpoints or residential gateway endpoints.
---------------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| cf | Confirm Tone | | BR |
| cg | Congestion Tone | | TO infinite |
| ft | Fax Tone | x | |
| it | Intercept Tone | | TO infinite |
| ld | Long Duration Connection | C | |
| mt | Modem Tone | x | |
| oc | Operation Complete | x | |
| of | Operation Failure | x | |
| pat(###) | Pattern Detected | x | OO |
| pt | Preemption Tone | | TO infinite |
| rbk(...) | Ringback | | TO,C 180 seconds|
| rt | Ringback Tone | | TO,C 180 seconds|
---------------------------------------------------------------
New events added to this package from the previously unversioned
package: "oc"
Changes: "it" and "pt" signals changed from OO to TO.
Note that default time-out values may be over-ridden by the Call
Agent for any Time-Out signal defined in this package by a "to"
signal parameter. Refer to section 2 of this document, as well as
[1] for details.
The events and signals are defined as follows:
Confirmation Tone (cf):
This is also referred to as "positive indication tone" in ITU-T
E.182. In North America, Confirmation Tone uses the same
frequencies and levels as dial tone (350 and 440 Hertz) but with a
cadence of 0.1 second on, 0.1 second off, repeated three times.
See GR-506-CORE [7] Section 17.2.4. It is considered an error to
try and play confirmation tone on a phone that is on-hook and an
error MUST consequently be returned when such attempts are made
(error code 402 - phone on-hook).
Congestion Tone (cg):
Refer to ITU-T E.180 [8] and E.182 [10]. This maps to re-order
tone in North America (refer to GR-506-CORE [7] Section 17.2.7).
Fax Tone (ft):
The fax tone event is generated whenever a fax call is detected by
the presence of V.21 fax preamble. The fax tone event SHOULD also
be generated when the T.30 CNG tone is detected. See ITU-T
Recommendations T.30 [21] and V.21 [22].
Intercept Tone(it):
This is a country specific tone as defined in ITU-T E.180
Supplement 2 [9].
Long Duration Connection (ld):
The "long duration connection" is detected when a connection has
been established for more than a provisioned amount of time. The
default value is 1 hour.
This event is detected on a connection. When no connection is
specified as part of the request, the event applies to all
connections for the endpoint, regardless of when the connections
are created. The "all connections" wildcard (see [1]) may also be
used for this case, and is in fact preferred for consistency. In
either case, the name of the connection on which the event was
detected will be included when the event is observed, e.g.:
G/ld@0A3F58
Modem Tone (mt):
Indicates V.25 Answer tone (ANS) with or without phase reversals
or V.8 Modified Answer Tone (ANSam) tone with or without phase
reversals. Note that this implies the presence of a data call.
Also note that despite the name of the event, devices other than
modems may generate such tones, e.g., a fax machine.
Operation Complete (oc):
The standard definition of operation complete [1].
Operation Failure (of):
The standard definition of operation failure [1].
Pattern Detected (pat(###)):
This event requires special provisioning that needs to be agreed
on between the Call Agent and media gateway in order to ensure
interoperability. It is retained in order to maintain backwards
compatibility with version 0 of the "G" package. This event MUST
be parameterized with a decimal numeric value from 0 to 999
specifying the pattern to detect. When reported, the pattern is
also included as a parameter.
Preemption Tone (pt):
This is a country specific tone and is defined in ITU-T E.180
Supplement 2 [9].
Ringback (rbk(connectionID)):
This is an alias for "rt@connectionID" and is included here for
backwards compatibility only. It is recommended that Call Agents
use "rt@connectionID" instead of "rbk(connectionID)" for ring-back
over a connection for new implementations. Although the ringback
signal is applied on a connection, the "rbk" signal does not
support the "@connection" syntax. When the signal is requested,
it MUST be parameterized with a connection-ID or a connection-ID
wildcard as specified in [1].
Ringback Tone (rt):
Refer to ITU-T E.180 [8] and ITU-T E.182 [10]. Also referred to
as ringing tone - a tone advising the caller that a connection has
been made and that a calling signal is being applied to the called
party or service point. In North America, this tone is a
combination of two AC tones with frequencies of 440 and 480 Hertz
and levels of -19 dBm each, to give a combined level of -16 dBm.
The cadence for Audible Ring Tone is 2 seconds on, followed by 4
seconds off. See GR-506-CORE [7] - LSSGR: SIGNALING, Section
17.2.5.
This signal can be applied directly to an endpoint or
alternatively on a connection using the syntax "rt@connectionID".
When the ringback signal is applied to an endpoint, it is
considered an error to try and play ringback tone if the endpoint
is considered on-hook, and an error MUST consequently be returned
when such attempts are made (error code 402 - phone on-hook).
When the ringback signal is applied to a connection, no such check
is to be made.
Note that as specified in [1], signals requested on a connection
MUST be played regardless of the connection mode. For example, in
a call-waiting situation, ringback tone may be played on a
connection in "inactive" mode.
2.2. DTMF package
Package name: D
Version: 1
--------------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|--------------------------------------------------------------|
| 0 | DTMF 0 | x | BR |
| 1 | DTMF 1 | x | BR |
| 2 | DTMF 2 | x | BR |
| 3 | DTMF 3 | x | BR |
| 4 | DTMF 4 | x | BR |
| 5 | DTMF 5 | x | BR |
| 6 | DTMF 6 | x | BR |
| 7 | DTMF 7 | x | BR |
| 8 | DTMF 8 | x | BR |
| 9 | DTMF 9 | x | BR |
| # | DTMF # | x | BR |
| * | DTMF * | x | BR |
| A | DTMF A | x | BR |
| B | DTMF B | x | BR |
| C | DTMF C | x | BR |
| D | DTMF D | x | BR |
| DD(..) | DTMF Tone Duration | x | TO 3 seconds |
| DO(..) | DTMF OO Signal | | OO |
| L | Long Duration Indicator | x | |
| oc | Operation Complete | x | |
| of | Operation Failure | x | |
| T | Interdigit Timer | x | TO 16 seconds |
| X | DTMF Tones Wildcard, | x | |
| | match any digit 0-9 | | |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Changes from the previous version of the package: events "dd", "do",
"oc" were added.
Note that DTMF tones including the DTMF tones wildcard can use the
eventRange notation defined in [1] when requesting events, e.g.,
"D/[0-9](N)".
Note that default time-out values may be over-ridden by the Call
Agent for any Time-Out signal defined in this package by a "to"
signal parameter. Refer to section 2 of this document, as well as
[1] for details.
The events are defined as follows:
DTMF tones (0-9,#,*,A,B,C,D):
Detection and generation of DTMF tones is described in GR-506-CORE
[7] - LSSGR: SIGNALING, Section 15. Note that it is considered an
error to try and play DTMF tones on a phone that is on-hook and an
error MUST consequently be returned when such attempts are made
(error code 402 - phone on-hook). The event codes can be
specified in a digit map. When requested as a signal, as per
GR-506-CORE [7], section 15, a minimum tone duration of 50 ms will
be followed by a minimum interdigit silence period of 45 ms, i.e.,
if requested in a signal list such as "S: sl/s(d/5,d/6,d/7)", then
interdigit timing requirements will be satisfied.
Note that some types of endpoints, such as announcement endpoints,
MAY allow detection and/or generation of a DTMF tone over a
connection. However, this requires consistent provisioning
between the Call Agent and announcement server (it is not required
in order to be compliant with the DTMF package).
DTMF Tone Duration (dd(dg=<tone>,to=<time>,su=<TrueOrFalse>)):
This event can be used to indicate if/when the specified <tone>
has a duration greater than the <time> value indicated (and is
reported once the duration is exceeded). The parameters can be
supplied in any order. The value of <tone> can be any of the DTMF
tone symbols (without including the package name) specified in the
DTMF package (including X in the case of events, but not signals).
If this parameter is absent, any DTMF tone that occurs will be
reported. The parameter <time> is in milli-seconds and may be
rounded to the nearest 10 ms by the gateway. The minimum value of
<time> that can be requested when requesting an event is 40 ms.
When requesting a signal, the minimum value of <time> that can be
requested is 50 ms. The maximum value of <time> that can be
requested for either an event or a signal is 60000 ms. If the
"to=<time>" parameter is absent when requested as an event, the
event will report the full duration (up to 60000 ms) of the tone
when the tone is completed. When reported as an ObservedEvent,
both parameters are always supplied. In this case, <tone> is the
actual tone detected and <time> is either:
* The <time> specified in the request (possibly rounded), or
* If the request did not contain a "to=<time>" parameter, the
full duration of the tone.
The parameter "su" MAY be included when this is requested as an
event (but is not reported). This parameter is used to indicate
whether or not the DTMF digits requested should be suppressed
in-band when it is requested. Possible values are "true",
indicating that in-band DTMF should be suppressed and "false"
indicating that DTMF should continue to be passed in-band. The
default value of the parameter, if missing, is "false". The "su"
parameter MUST NOT be included when requesting "D/dd" as a signal.
When used as a signal, "dd" provides the ability to generate a
DTMF tone as a TO signal. When applied as a signal, an additional
50 ms of silence will be tacked onto the end before the operation
complete occurs, i.e., "S: dd(dg=5,to=2500)" will play the DTMF
tone for the number "5" for 2.5 seconds, followed by 50 ms of
silence period. The operation complete (if requested) will be
notified after the silence interval occurs. Any value from 50 ms
to 60000 ms can be requested. Gateways generating or detecting
the tone may round off the requested time to the nearest 10 ms.
The "dd" event can be used in place of the "long duration" event
in order to detect a digit pressed for longer than 2 seconds. For
example, in order to detect if a user presses the long "#" for
longer than 2 seconds, a request could be made with the
RequestedEvents line "R: d/dd(N)(dg=#,to=2000)". The resulting
ObservedEvents line would be "O: d/dd(dg=#,to=2000)".
Suppose instead, that the RequestedEvents line contains
R: d/[0-9*#],d/dd
Suppose the user then pushes the "#" for 2.5 seconds. In this
case, two events will be notified:
O: d/#
when the "#" key is first pressed, and
O: d/dd(dg=#,to=2500)
when the "#" key is finally released.
DTMF OO Signal (do(dg=<tone>,<on-or-off>)):
This signal is used to generate a DTMF tone as an on-off signal.
The <tone> parameter is any of the symbols for a specific tone in
the DTMF package (i.e., "0" to "9", "A", "B", "C", "D", "*", or
"#"). The <on-or-off> indicator is "+" for on and "-" for off as
per [1]. The <tone> parameter MUST be supplied, otherwise a
return code of 538 - "Event/signal parameter error" will be
provided in the response. If the <on-or-off> parameter is
missing, the default is to turn the signal on as usual (i.e., "+"
is the default). The order of the parameters is not significant
since "+" and "-" are reserved characters and are easily
distinguished from the <tone> parameter.
Long Duration Indicator (l):
The "long duration indicator" is observed when a DTMF signal is
produced for a duration larger than two seconds. In this case,
the gateway will detect two successive events: first, when the
signal has been recognized, the DTMF signal, and then, 2 seconds
later, the long duration signal.
Operation Complete (oc):
This is the standard definition of operation complete [1].
Operation Failure (of):
This is the standard definition of operation failure [1].
Timer (t):
Timer T can be used as an event or as a time-out (TO) signal. As
a signal, its only behavior is the normal characteristics of a
"TO" signal as defined in [1] (i.e., if no event occurs before the
time-out, an operation complete event will be generated).
As an event, Timer T is a digit input timer that can be used in
two ways:
* When timer T is used with the accumulate according to digit
map action, the timer is not started until the first DTMF
tone is entered, and the timer is restarted after each new
DTMF tone is entered until either a digit map match or
mismatch occurs. In this case, timer T functions as an
inter-digit timer as illustrated by:
R: D/[0-9T](D)
* When timer T is used without the "accumulate according to
digit map" action, the timer is started immediately and
simply cancelled (but not restarted) as soon as a DTMF tone
is entered. In this case, timer T can be used as an inter-
digit timer when overlap sending is used, as in:
R: D/[0-9](N), D/T(N)
When used with the "accumulate according to digit map" action,
timer T takes on one of two values, T-partial or T-critical. When
at least one more symbol is required for the "current dial string"
to match any one of the patterns in the digit map, timer T takes
on the value T-partial, corresponding to partial dial timing. If
a timer is all that is required to produce a match, timer T takes
on the value T-critical corresponding to critical dial timing.
When timer T is used without the "accumulate according to digit
map" action, timer T takes on the value T-critical. The default
value for T-partial is 16 seconds and the default value for
T-critical is 4 seconds. The provisioning process may alter both
of these. If timer T is not used, then inter-digit timing will
not be performed.
The following examples illustrate this. Consider the digit map:
(xxxxxxx|x11T)
and assume that DTMF and the timer T is accumulated according to
digit map. At the first DTMF input, say "4", timer T is started
with a value of T-partial since at least one more symbol is
required. If "1" is then input, it leads to a restart of timer T
with a value of T-partial again. If "1" is now input again, we
have a current dial string of "411" and a timer is now all that is
required to produce a match. Hence timer T is now restarted with
value T-critical.
Finally, consider the following subtle examples (all assuming DTMF
and timer T being accumulated according to digit map):
The digit map
(1[2-3T].)
will match immediately on the input "1" since zero or more matches
of the range are specified.
The digit map
(1[2-3].T)
and an input of "1" will lead to timer T being set to T-critical.
A digit map of
(1[2-3]T.)
and an input of "1" will lead to timer T being set to T-partial.
Furthermore, upon subsequent input of "2" or "3" a perfect match
will be triggered immediately since timer T is completely
irrelevant.
DTMF Tones Wildcard (X):
The DTMF tones wildcard matches any DTMF digit between 0 and 9.
The actual event code generated will however be the event code for
the digit detected. The DTMF tones wildcard is often used to
detect DTMF input to be matched against a digit map.
2.3. Trunk Package
Package Name: T
Version: 1
----------------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|
| as | Answer Supervision | x | BR |
| bl | Blocking | | BR |
| bz | Busy | | TO 30 sec. |
| co1 | Continuity Tone (go tone, | x | TO 3 sec. |
| | or return tone) | | |
| co2 | Continuity Test (go tone, | x | TO 3 sec. |
| | or return tone in dual tone | | |
| | procedures) | | |
| ct(...) | Continuity Transponder | | OO |
| lb | Loopback | | OO |
| nm | New Milliwatt Tone | x | TO 3 sec |
| mm | Newest Milliwatt Tone | x | TO 3 sec |
| oc | Operation Complete | x | |
| of | Operation Failure | x | |
| om | Old Milliwatt Tone | x | TO 3 sec |
| pst | Permanent Signal Tone | | TO infinite |
| qt | Quiet Termination | | TO infinite |
| ro | Reorder Tone | x | TO 30 sec. |
| sit(#) | Special Information Tone | x | TO 2 sec. |
| | | | (see notes) |
| tl | Test Line | x | TO infinite |
| tp(###) | Test Pattern | x | TO 3 sec |
| zz | No Circuit | x | TO 2 sec |
----------------------------------------------------------------
New events added to this package from the previously unversioned
package: "bz", "ct", "mm", "oc", "pst", "qt", "sit", and "tp".
Changes in event types: "co1", "co2", "nm", "om", "tl", "zz" signals
changed from OO to TO; "as" and "bl" changed from OO to BR.
Note that default time-out values may be over-ridden by the Call
Agent for any Time-Out signal defined in this package by a "to"
signal parameter. Refer to section 2 of this document, as well as
[1] for details.
The definition of the trunk package events are as follows:
Answer Supervision (as):
This event is used to indicate the occurrence answer supervision.
In most cases, it is a result of a steady off-hook in response to
a call request. This event is included for backwards
compatibility with the previous version of the package. The
preferred alternative is to use the "answer" event in the
appropriate CAS packages [34] (Note: check the details on the use
of "answer" in the particular CAS package; in most cases "answer"
as an event is an indication of a steady off-hook regardless of
whether or not it is an indication of answer supervision). For
details on when answer supervision is appropriate refer to [5].
Blocking (bl):
This event is used to indicate an incoming off-hook for the
purposes of blocking a one-way trunk in CAS trunks. This event is
included for backwards compatibility with the previous version of
the package. The preferred alternative is the "block" event in
the appropriate CAS packages [34].
Busy Tone (bz):
Refer to ITU-T E.180 [8]. In North America, station Busy is a
combination of two AC tones with frequencies of 480 and 620 Hertz
and levels of -24 dBm each, to give a combined level of -21 dBm.
The cadence for Station Busy Tone is 0.5 seconds on, followed by
0.5 seconds off, then repeating. See GR-506-CORE [7]- LSSGR:
SIGNALING, Section 17.2.6.
Continuity Tone (co1):
A tone at 2010 Hz (see section 3.1.1.3 of [2]). When generated as
a signal, the frequency of the tone must be within + or - 8 Hz,
while the frequency of the tone corresponding to the event must be
within + or - 30 Hz.
Continuity Test (co2):
A tone at 1780 Hz (see section 3.1.1.3 of [2]). When generated as
a signal, the frequency of the tone must be within + or - 20 Hz,
while the frequency of the tone corresponding to the event must be
within + or - 30 Hz.
In continuity testing the tone corresponding to the signal at the
originating gateway is referred to as the "go" tone, and the tone
corresponding to the event at that same gateway is referred to as
the "return" or "check" tone.
Note that generation and notification of continuity tones are done
as per continuity test requirements as defined in ITU-T Q.724 [3],
as well as by Bellcore GR-317-CORE [2] specifications, i.e., the
semantics of notification of the return tone is more than that the
tone was received, but is an indication that the test has passed.
Details are provided in the following paragraphs.
The continuity tones represented by co1 and co2 are used when the
Call Agent wants to initiate a continuity test. There are two
types of tests, single tone and dual tone; In the case of the dual
tone, either tone can be sent and the opposite received depending
on the trunk interconnections (4-wire or 2-wire) as indicated
below:
Originating Terminating
============ ===========
4w -------------- 1780 Hz -----------> 2w
<------------- 2010 Hz ------------ (transponder)
2w -------------- 2010 Hz -----------> 2w/4w
<------------- 1780 Hz ------------ (transponder)
4w -------------- 2010 Hz -----------> 4w
<------------- 2010 Hz ------------ (loopback)
The Call agent is expected to know, through provisioning
information, which test should be applied to a given endpoint. As
an example, for a 4-wire to 2-wire connection, the Call Agent
might send a request like the following to an originating gateway:
RQNT 1234 ds/ds1-1/17@tgw2.example.net
X: AB123FE0
S: t/co1
R: t/co2,t/oc,t/of
On a terminating side of a trunk, the call agent may request a
continuity test connection (connection mode "conttest") to the
terminating gateway as follows:
CRCX 3001 ds/ds1-2/4@tgw34.example.net
C: 3748ABC364
M: conttest
Alternatively, rather than using a connection mode, the "T/ct"
signal can be used (see description of this signal further below):
RQNT 3001 ds/ds1-2/4@tgw34.example.net
X: 1233472
S: t/ct(in=co1,out=co2,+)
The originating gateway would send the requested "go" tone, and
would look for the appropriate "return tone". Once the return
tone is received, the originating gateway removes the go tone and
checks to see that the return tone has been removed within the
specified performance limits (i.e., GR-246-CORE, T1.113.4, Annex B
[23]). When it detects that the test is successful, the gateway
will send a notification of the return tone event (Note that
notification of the return tone event therefore must not be sent
prior to detection of the removal of the return tone).
The "T/co1" and "T/co2" signals are TO signals so that an
operation complete event will occur when the signal times out. If
a timeout value other than the default is desired, the "to"
parameter may be used (e.g., "S: T/co1(to=2000)").
If the gateway detects the failure of the continuity test prior to
the timeout, an operation failure event will be generated.
Otherwise, the failure of the continuity test is determined by the
failure to receive the return tone event before the timeout occurs
(operation complete event). As with TO signals in general,
operation complete and operation fail events are parameterized
with the name of the signal.
In the example above where the go tone is "co1" and the return
tone is "co2":
* A notification of the "co2" event indicates success (i.e.,
"O: t/co2").
* A notification of the operation failure event indicates
failure prior to timeout (i.e., "O: t/of(t/co1)").
* A notification of the operation complete event indicates
that the return tone was not received properly prior to the
occurrence of the timeout (i.e., "O: t/oc(t/co2)").
On a terminating end of a trunk, either a "loopback" connection
(single tone test) or "conttest" connection (dual tone test) is
made (or alternatively the "T/lb" or "T/ct" signals are
requested). It is up to the termination end to make sure that the
return tone is removed as soon as the go tone disappears. The
Call Agent requests the removal of "contest" or "loopback"
connections (or "T/lb" or "T/ct" signals) at a termination end
when the results of the continuity test are obtained.
When "conttest" is used, the endpoint is provisioned as to which
transponder test is being performed (2010 Hz received and 1780 Hz
sent or vice versa). In the case of the corresponding "T/ct"
signal, the Call Agent can specify which tone is received and sent
as parameters.
Note that continuity tones in the trunk package are only ever sent
to the telephony endpoint. For network-based continuity, there
are continuity tones available in the RTP ("R") package. Although
a transponder (dual tone) test can be done, a single tone test is
generally sufficient in the case of continuity testing across an
IP network.
Continuity Transponder(ct(in=<tone-in>,out=<tone-out>, <+ or ->)):
This signal is used to provide transponder functionality
independent of the connection mode, i.e., this is an alternative
way to provide the same functionality as the "conttest" connection
mode. The parameters can be provided in any order. The <tone-in>
and <tone-out> parameters can have values "co1" or "co2",
corresponding to the 2010 Hz and 1780 Hz tones associated with
those symbols. If one of the tones is "co1", then the other must
be "co2" and vice versa (i.e., <tone-in> and <tone-out> must have
different values; if loopback is required, then the "lb" signal in
this package or "loopback" connection mode should be used).
On detecting <tone-in>, <tone-out> will be generated in return.
The tone corresponding to <tone-out> will continue to be generated
until either:
* The signal is explicitly turned off (e.g., "S: t/ct(-)") or
* Removal of the <tone-in> tone is detected.
Note that while the signal is active (regardless of whether a tone
is active or not), media from the endpoint will not be forwarded
to or from the packet network (i.e., the continuity transponder
signal must be explicitly turned off by the Call Agent in order to
resume passing media between the packet network and the endpoint).
Loopback (lb):
This signal is used to provide loopback functionality independent
of the connection mode, i.e., this is an alternative way to
provide the same functionality as "loopback" connection mode.
Note that while the loop-back signal is active (regardless of
whether a tone is active or not), media from the endpoint will not
be forwarded to or from the packet network (i.e., the loopback
signal must be explicitly turned off by the Call Agent in order to
resume passing media between the packet network and the endpoint).
New Milliwatt Tone (nm):
1004 Hz tone - refer to [4] and section 8.2.5 of [5].
Newest Milliwatt Tone (mm):
1013.8 Hz - refer to [4].
Operation Complete (oc):
This is the standard definition of operation complete [1].
Operation Failure (of):
This is the standard definition of operation failure [1].
Old Milliwatt Tone (om):
1000 Hz tone - refer to [4] and section 8.2.5 of [5].
Permanent Signal Tone (pst):
In North America, this tone is applied to a busy line
verify/operator interrupt under specific circumstances as
described in [17].
Quiet Termination (qt):
Quiet Termination is used in a 102 trunk test. Reference section
6.20.5 [5] as well as [4].
Reorder Tone(ro):
This maps to congestion tone in the ITU-T E.182 specification. In
North America, reorder tone is a combination of two AC tones with
frequencies of 480 and 620 Hertz and levels of -24 dBm each, to
give a combined level of -21 dBm. The cadence for reorder tone is
0.25 seconds on, followed by 0.25 seconds off, repeating
continuously (until time-out). See GR-506-CORE [7], Section
17.2.7.
Special Information Tone(sit(#)):
As described in ITU-T E.180 [8], the special information tone
consists of a tone period in which 3 tones are produced followed
by a silent period of 1 second (total TO period of approximately 2
seconds). When used as a signal, it MUST be parameterized with a
parameter value from 1 to 7, with the following meaning as defined
in SR-2275, section 6.21.2 of [5].
-------------------------------------------
| sit(1) | RO' | reorder SIT, intra-LATA |
| sit(2) | RO" | reorder SIT, inter-LATA |
| sit(3) | NC' | no circuit SIT, intra-LATA |
| sit(4) | NC" | no circuit SIT, inter-LATA |
| sit(5) | IC | intercept SIT |
| sit(6) | VC | vacant code SIT |
| sit(7) | IO | ineffective other SIT |
-------------------------------------------
When requested as an event, the event MUST be parameterized with a
decimal number from 1 to 7 to indicate which tone the gateway is
required to detect. The resulting notification also includes the
parameter. Other countries may have one or more special
information tones with country specific definitions (refer to
ITU-T E.180 supp. 2 [9]). In this case, special information tone
1 as defined in [9] is sit(1), special information tone 2 is
sit(2) etc.
As an example, the Call Agent might make a request such as:
RQNT 1234 ds/ds1-1/17@tgw2.example.net
X: AB123FE0
R: t/sit(N)(2)
If the tone is detected, the resulting notification might appear
as follows:
NTFY 3002 ds/ds1-3/6@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
X: AB123FE0
O: t/sit(2)
Test Line (tl):
105 Test Line test progress tone (2225 Hz + or - 25 Hz at -10
dBm0). Refer to section 8.2.5 of [5].
Test Pattern (tp(###)):
The tp(###) signal inserts the pattern ### continuously into the
channel until the timeout period expires. The parameter is
provided as a decimal number from 0 to 255. If the parameter is
omitted, the default value is decimal 95.
In RequestedEvents, the parameter MAY be supplied to indicate what
pattern the Call Agent wishes the gateway to detect. If the
parameter is omitted, the value 95 is assumed. The pattern MUST
be returned in the ObservedEvent (even if the parameter was not
requested).
A typical use for the test pattern signal is for the test line 108
(digital loopback) test (refer to section 8.2.5 of [5]). At the
termination side of a trunk, the Call Agent would request a
connection in "loopback" mode, which would do a digital loopback.
On the origination side of the trunk, the Call Agent would request
that the test pattern be injected into the digital channel, and
would check to see that the pattern was returned within the
timeout period. As an example, the Call Agent would make the
following request on the origination side:
RQNT 1234 ds/ds1-1/17@tgw2.example.net
X: AB123FE0
S: t/tp
R: t/tp, t/oc, t/of
In this case the Call Agent will either receive:
* An ObservedEvent indicating that the test has passed (i.e.,
"O:t/op(95)") or
* An ObservedEvent indicating that the timeout occurred before
the pattern was received (i.e., "O:t/oc(t/tp)"), indicating
that the test failed. Of course an operation failure would
indicate failure as well.
No Circuit (zz):
This is an alias for Special Information Tone 2, i.e., "sit(2)".
2.4. Line Package
Package Name: L
Version: 1
----------------------------------------------------------------
|Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|
|adsi(string) | ADSI Display | | BR |
|aw | Answer Tone | x | OO |
|bz | Busy Tone | | TO 30 sec. |
|ci(ti,nu,na) | Caller-id | | BR |
|dl | Dial Tone | | TO 16 sec. |
|e | Error Tone | x | TO 2 sec. |
|hd | Off-hook Transition | S | |
|hf | Flash-hook | x | |
|ht | On Hold Tone | | OO |
|hu | On-hook Transition | S | |
|lsa | Line Side Answer Sup. | | OO |
|mwi | Message Waiting ind. | | TO 16 sec. |
|nbz | Network busy | x | TO infinite |
|oc | Operation Complete | x | |
|of | Operation Failure | x | |
|osi | Network Disconnect | | TO 900 ms |
|ot | Off-hook Warning Tone | | TO infinite |
|p | Prompt Tone | x | BR |
|rg | Ringing | | TO 180 sec. |
|r0, r1, r2, | Distinctive Ringing | | TO 180 sec. |
|r3, r4, r5, | | | |
|r6 or r7 | | | |
|ro | Reorder Tone | | TO 30 sec. |
|rs | Ringsplash | | BR |
|s(###) | Distinctive Tone Pattern | x | BR |
|sit(#) | Special Information Tone | | TO 2 sec. |
| | | | (see notes) |
|sl | Stutter Dial Tone | | TO 16 sec. |
|v | Alerting Tone | | OO |
|vmwi | Visual Message | | OO |
| | Waiting Indicator | | |
|wt | Call Waiting Tone | | TO 12 sec |
|wt1, wt2, | Alternative Call | | TO 12 sec |
|wt3, wt4 | Waiting Tones | | (see notes) |
|y | Recorder Warning Tone | | TO infinite |
|z | Calling Card Service Tone| | BR |
----------------------------------------------------------------
New events added to this package from the previously unversioned
package: "ht", "osi", and "lsa".
Changes in event types: signals "y", "z", changed from OO to TO and
BR respectively. Ringing tones were extended to allow for a ring
repetition signal parameter.
Note that default time-out values may be over-ridden by the Call
Agent for any Time-Out signal defined in this package by a "to"
signal parameter. Refer to section 2 of this document, as well as
[1] for details.
The description of events and signals in the line package are as
follows:
ADSI Display (adsi):
This signal is included here to maintain compatibility with the
previous version of this package. The signal is not well-defined
and its use is discouraged.
Answer Tone (aw):
This event is included here to maintain compatibility with the
previous version of this package. The event is not well-defined
and its use is discouraged.
Busy Tone (bz):
Refer to ITU-T E.180 [8]. In North America, station Busy is a
combination of two AC tones with frequencies of 480 and 620 Hertz
and levels of -24 dBm each, to give a combined level of -21 dBm.
The cadence for Station Busy Tone is 0.5 seconds on followed by
0.5 seconds off, repeating. See GR-506-CORE [7], Section 17.2.6.
It is considered an error to try and play busy tone on a phone
that is on-hook and an error MUST consequently be returned when
such attempts are made (error code 402 - phone on-hook).
Caller-id (ci(time, number, name)):
See GR-1188 [24], GR-30-CORE [14], and GR-31 [25]. For backwards
compatibility, each of the three fields are optional, but each of
the commas will always be included. In accordance with the
general MGCP grammar, it is RECOMMENDED to always include all
three fields - an empty quoted string can then be used in lieu of
omitting a parameter:
The time parameter is coded as "MM/DD/HH/MM", where MM is a two-
digit decimal value for a Month between 01 and 12, DD is a two-
digit value for a Day between 01 and 31, and Hour and Minute are
two-digit values coded according to military local time, e.g., 00
is midnight, 01 is 1 a.m., and 13 is 1 p.m. (Note: two digits
MUST always be provided for each of the values of month, day,
hour, minutes e.g., the month of January is indicated by the two
digits "01" rather than just "1").
The number parameter is coded as an ASCII character string of
decimal digits that identify the calling line number. White
spaces are permitted if the string is quoted, but they will be
ignored. If a quoted-string is provided, the string itself is
UTF-8 encoded (RFC 2279) as usual for signal parameters.
The name parameter is coded as a string of ASCII characters that
identify the calling line name. White spaces are permitted if the
string is quoted. If a quoted-string is provided, the string
itself is UTF-8 encoded (RFC 2279).
A "P" in the number or name field is used to indicate a private
number or name, and an "O" is used to indicate an unavailable
number or name. Other letters MAY be used to provide additional
clarification as per provider or vendor specifications.
The following example illustrates the use of the caller-id signal:
S: l/ci(09/14/17/26, "555 1212", "John Doe")
An example indicating that the name and number are private:
S: l/ci(09/14/17/26,P,P)
Dial Tone (dl):
Refer to the ITU-T E.180 [8] specification. In North America,
dial tone is a combination of two continuous AC tones with
frequencies of 350 and 440 Hertz and levels of -13dBm each, to
give a combined level of -10 dBm. See GR-506-CORE [7] - LSSGR:
SIGNALING, Section 17.2.1. It is considered an error to try and
play dial-tone on a phone that is on-hook and an error MUST
consequently be returned when such attempts are made (error code
402 - phone on-hook).
Error Tone (e):
This tone is maintained for backwards compatibility. The tone is
not well defined and its use is discouraged.
Off-hook Transition (hd):
See GR-506-CORE [7], Section 12. It is considered an error to try
and request off-hook on a phone that is off-hook and an error MUST
consequently be returned when such attempts are made (error code
401 - phone off-hook).
Flash Hook (hf):
See GR-506-CORE [7], Section 12. It is considered an error to try
and request flash hook on a phone that is on-hook and an error
MUST consequently be returned when such attempts are made (error
code 402 - phone on-hook).
Tone On Hold (ht):
A tone used to reassure a calling subscriber who has been placed
on "hold". Refer to ITU-T E.182 [10].
On-hook Transition (hu):
See GR-506-CORE [7], Section 12. The timing for the on-hook
signal is for flash response enabled, unless provisioned
otherwise. It is considered an error to try and request flash
hook on a phone that is on-hook and an error MUST consequently be
returned when such attempts are made (error code 402 - phone on-
hook).
Line Side Answer Supervision (lsa):
This provides Reverse Loop Current Feed (RLCF) on the line (refer
to GR-506-CORE [7]) and is a way of indicating that the called
party has answered for some line-side equipment.
Message Waiting Indicator (mwi):
Message Waiting indicator tone uses the same frequencies and
levels as dial tone (350 and 440 Hertz at -13dBm each), but with a
cadence of 0.1 second on, 0.1 second off, repeated 10 times,
followed by steady application of dial tone. See GR-506-CORE [7],
Section 17.2.3. It is considered an error to try and play
message-waiting indicator on a phone that is on-hook and an error
MUST consequently be returned when such attempts are made (error
code 402 - phone on-hook).
Network Busy (nbz):
This is included here to maintain compatibility with the previous
version of this package. The "nbz" signal is an alias for re-
order tone signal("ro"). Future Call Agent implementations that
require a network busy signal should use the "ro" signal. It is
also recommended that future Call Agents not request to be
notified of the "nbz" event (a network busy event is generally not
required in a line package; hence, "ro" is only a signal, not an
event).
Operation Complete (oc):
This is the standard definition of operation complete [1].
Operation Failure (of):
This is the standard definition of operation failure [1].
Network Disconnect (osi):
Network Disconnect indicates that the far-end party has
disconnected. The signal that is sent on the line is provisioned
in the media gateway since it may vary from country to country.
In North America, this signal is an open switch interval which
results in a Loop Current Feed Open Signal (LCFO) being applied to
the line (refer to GR-506-CORE [7], see also See GR-505-CORE [6],
Section 4.5.2.1). The default time-out value for this signal is
900 ms.
Off-hook Warning Tone (ot):
Off-hook warning tone, also known as receiver Off-Hook Tone (ROH
Tone). This is the irritating noise a telephone makes when it is
not hung up correctly. In North America, ROH Tone is generated by
combining four tones at frequencies of 1400 Hertz, 2060 Hertz,
2450 Hertz and 2600 Hertz, at a cadence of 0.1 second on, 0.1
second off, then repeating. GR-506-CORE [7], Section 17.2.8
contains details about required power levels. It is considered an
error to try and play off-hook warning tone on a phone that is
on-hook, and an error MUST consequently be returned when such
attempts are made (error code 402 - phone on-hook).
Prompt Tone (p):
The definition of the prompt tone and its use may be found in
requirement GR-220 [20]. The tone in GR-220 (requirement "R3-170"
or GR-220) is a 300 ms burst of a 400 Hz tone.
Ringing (rg):
See GR-506-CORE [7], Section 14. The provisioning process may
define the ringing cadence. The ringing signal may be
parameterized with the signal parameter "rep" which specifies the
maximum number of ringing cycles (repetitions) to apply. The
value for "rep" is specified in decimal and can have any value
from 1 to 255. The following will apply the ringing signal for up
to 6 ringing cycles:
S: l/rg(rep=6)
If the "rep" parameter is specified, the signal times-out when the
number of repetitions are completed (i.e., an operation complete
event can be requested and will occur at the end of the
timeout/number of rings).
If the "rep" parameter is supplied, then any timeout ("to") value
that is included will be ignored, i.e.:
S: l/rg(rep=6,to=12000)
will be treated the same as the previous example where the
parameter "to=12000" was not included. Of course, if the "to"
parameter is included without the "rep", it will be acted upon
i.e.:
S: l/rg(to=12000)
will ring for 12 seconds.
It is considered an error to try and ring a phone that is off-hook
and an error MUST consequently be returned when such attempts are
made (error code 401 - phone off-hook).
Distinctive Ringing (r0, r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6 or r7):
See GR-506-CORE [7], Section 14. Default values for r1 to r5 are
as defined for distinctive ringing pattern 1 to 5 in GR-506-CORE
[7]. The default values for r0, r6 and r7 are normal ringing
(i.e., the same cadence "rg"). The provisioning process may
define the ringing cadence for each of these signals. The
distinctive ringing signals may be parameterized with the signal
parameter "rep" which specifies the maximum number of ringing
cycles (repetitions) to apply. The value for "rep" is specified
in decimal and can have any value from 1 to 255.
The following will apply the ringing signal for up to 6 ringing
cycles:
S: l/r1(rep=6)
If the "rep" parameter is specified, the signal times-out when the
number of repetitions are completed (i.e., an operation complete
event can be requested and will occur at the end of the
timeout/number of rings)
If the "rep" parameter is supplied, then any timeout ("to") value
that is included will be ignored, i.e.:
S: l/r1(rep=6,to=12000)
will be treated the same as the previous example where the
parameter "to=12000" was not included. Of course, if the "to"
parameter is included without the "rep", it will be acted upon
i.e.:
S: l/r1(to=12000)
will ring for 12 seconds.
It is considered an error to try and ring a phone that is off-hook
and an error MUST consequently be returned when such attempts are
made (error code 401 - phone off-hook).
Reorder Tone (ro):
This maps to congestion tone in the ITU-T E.182 [10]
specification. In North America, reorder tone is a combination of
two AC tones with frequencies of 480 and 620 Hertz, and levels of
-24 dBm each, to give a combined level of -21 dBm. The cadence
for reorder tone is 0.25 seconds on, followed by 0.25 seconds off,
repeating continuously.
Ringsplash (rs):
Also known as "Reminder ring", this tone is a burst of ringing
that may be applied to the physical forwarding line (when idle) to
indicate that a call has been forwarded and to remind the user
that a Call Forward sub-feature is active. In the US, it is
defined to be a 0.5(-0,+0.1) second burst of power ringing (see
[11]).
Distinctive Tone Pattern (s(###)):
This is used to signal or detect a tone pattern defined by the
parameter where the parameter may have a value from 0 to 999.
When specified as an event, the parameter MUST be included. The
parameter will also be included when the event is reported. This
event (the definition of tones associated with each parameter
value) requires special provisioning in the Call Agent and gateway
to insure interoperability. This signal is included here to
maintain compatibility with the previous version of this package.
Special Information Tone(sit(#)):
As described in ITU-T E.180 [8], the special information tone
consists of a tone period in which 3 tones are produced, followed
by a silent period of 1 second (total TO period of approximately 2
seconds). It MAY be parameterized with a parameter value from 1
to 7, with the following meaning as defined in SR-2275, section
6.21.2 [5]:
-------------------------------------------
| sit(1) | RO' | reorder SIT, intra-LATA |
| sit(2) | RO" | reorder SIT, inter-LATA |
| sit(3) | NC' | no circuit SIT, intra-LATA |
| sit(4) | NC" | no circuit SIT, inter-LATA |
| sit(5) | IC | intercept SIT |
| sit(6) | VC | vacant code SIT |
| sit(7) | IO | ineffective other SIT |
-------------------------------------------
If the parameter is left out, the NC' SIT tone that corresponds to
the signal "L/sit(3)" is assumed.
Other countries may have one or more special information tones
with country specific definitions (refer to ITU-T E.180 supp. 2
[9]). In this case, special information tone 1 as defined in [9]
is sit(1), special information tone 2 is sit(2) etc.
Stutter Dial Tone (sl):
Stutter Dial Tone (also called Recall Dial Tone in GR-506-CORE [7]
and "special dial tone" in ITU-T E.182 [10]) is used to confirm
some action and request additional input from the user. An
example application is to cancel call-waiting, prior to entering a
destination address.
The stutter dial tone signal may be parameterized with the signal
parameter "del", which will specify a delay in milliseconds to
apply between the confirmation tone and the dial tone. The
parameter can have any value from 0 to 10000 ms, rounded to the
nearest non-zero value divisible by 100 (i.e., tenth of a second).
The following will apply stutter dial tone with a delay of 1.5
seconds between the confirmation tone and the dial tone:
S: l/sl(del=1500)
It is considered an error to try and play stutter dial tone on a
phone that is on-hook and an error MUST consequently be returned
when such attempts are made (error code 402 - phone on-hook).
Alerting Tone (v):
A 440 Hz Tone of a 2 second duration, followed by a 1/2 second of
tone every 10 seconds. This event is included for backwards
compatibility with the previous version of the package.
Visual Message Waiting Indicator (vmwi):
The transmission of the VMWI messages will conform to the
requirements in [13] and the CPE guidelines in [12]. Refer also
to section 6.6 of GR-30-CORE [14]. VMWI messages will only be
sent from the gateway to the attached equipment when the line is
idle. If new messages arrive while the line is busy, the VMWI
indicator message will be delayed until the line goes back to the
idle state. After the gateway restarts, the state of the signal
will be "off", and hence the Call Agent MUST refresh the CPE's
visual indicator if it is supposed to be "on".
Alternative Call Waiting Tones (wt, wt1, .., wt4):
Refer to ITU-T E.180 [8]. For North American tone definitions,
refer to GR-506-CORE [7], Section 14.2. "wt" and "wt1" are both
aliases for the default Call Waiting tone, which in North America,
is a 440-Hz tone applied for 300 plus or minus 50 ms. The tone is
then repeated once after 10 seconds.
These signals are timeout signals with a default timeout value of
12 seconds, which allows the tone to be played twice with a single
request (refer to GR-571-CORE [16]). However, there are cases
(Requirement R3-73 of GR-575-CORE [18]), in which only a single
tone is required. In that case, the Call Agent may make the
request with a shorter timeout period to eliminate the second tone
(e.g., "S: wt(to=2000)" - which stops the signal after 2 seconds
so that the second tone will not occur).
Signals wt2, wt3 and wt4 are alternates that are used for
distinctive call-waiting tone patterns (refer to GR-506-CORE,
Section 14.2 [7]. It is considered an error to try and apply
call-waiting tone on a phone that is on-hook and an error MUST
consequently be returned when such attempts are made (error code
402 - phone on-hook).
Recorder Warning Tone(y):
Refer to ITU-T E.180 [8] - also Bellcore document SR-2275 [5]
section 6.20. When recording equipment is used, this tone is
connected to the line to inform the distant party that the
conversation is being recorded - typical value used is a 1400 Hz
Tone of a 0.5 second duration every 15 seconds.
Calling Card Service Tone(z):
This tone is used to inform the customer that credit card
information must be keyed in. Typically, it consists of 60 ms of
941 + 1477 Hz (the DTMF #digit) and 940 ms of 350 + 440 Hz (dial
tone), decaying exponentially with a time constant of 200 ms.
Refer to Bellcore document SR-2275 [5], section 6.20.
2.5. Handset Emulation Package
Package Name: H
Version: 1
----------------------------------------------------------------
|Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|
|adsi(string) | ADSI Display | x | BR |
|aw | Answer Tone | x | OO |
|bz | Busy Tone | x | TO 30 sec. |
|ci(ti,nu,na) | Caller-id | x | BR |
|dl | Dial Tone | x | TO 16 sec. |
|e | Error Tone | x | TO 2 sec. |
|hd | Off-hook Transition | S | BR |
|hu | On-hook Transition | S | BR |
|hf | Flash Hook | x | BR |
|ht | Tone On Hold | x | OO |
|lsa | Line Side Answer Sup. | x | OO |
|mwi | Message Waiting Ind. | x | TO 16 sec. |
|nbz | Network Busy | x | TO infinite |
|oc | Operation Complete | x | |
|ot | Off-hook Warning Tone | x | TO infinite |
|of | Operation Failure | x | |
|osi | Network Disconnect | x | TO 900 ms |
|p | Prompt Tone | x | BR |
|rg | Ringing | x | TO 180 sec. |
|r0, r1, r2, | Distinctive Ringing | x | TO 180 sec. |
|r3, r4, r5, | | | |
|r6 or r7 | | | |
|ro | Reorder Tone | x | TO 30 sec. |
|rs | Ringsplash | x | BR |
|s(###) | Distinctive Tone Pattern | x | BR |
|sit(#) | Sit Tone | x | TO 2 sec. |
|sl | Stutter Dial Tone | x | TO 16 sec. |
|v | Alerting Tone | x | OO |
|vmwi | Vis. Message Waiting Ind.| x | OO |
|wt | Call Waiting tone | x | TO 12 sec. |
|wt1, wt2, | Alternative Call | x | TO 12 sec |
|wt3, wt4 | Waiting Tones | | (see notes) |
|y | Recorder Warning Tone | x | TO infinite |
|z | Calling Card Serv. Tone | x | BR |
----------------------------------------------------------------
The handset emulation package is similar to the line package except
that events such as "off-hook" can be signaled as well as detected.
Changes from the original package - are the same changes as were made
for the line package, plus "hu" and "hd" signal types were changed
from OO to BR.
Event definitions are the same as for the line package with the
following exceptions:
ASDI:
When requested as an event by the Call Agent, the event is not
parameterized. However, the parameter is included when the event
is reported.
Caller-id:
When requested as an event by the Call Agent, the event MUST not
be parameterized. However, parameters are included when the event
is reported i.e.:
O: l/ci(09/14/17/26,"555 1212","John Doe")
Line Side Answer Supervision:
When requested as an event by the Call Agent, it indicates when
the reverse loop current feed (RLCF) was turned on and off. The
event is not parameterized when it is requested. However, a
parameter is included when it is reported i.e.:
O: l/lsa(+) to indicate RLCF was turned on
O: l/lsa(-) to indicate RLCF was turned off
Ringing (rg):
When requested as an event, the Call Agent may optionally include
the rep parameter indicating a request to report after some number
of rings e.g.:
RQNT 1234 aaln/1@rgw2.example.net
X: AB123FE0
R: h/rg(N)(rep=3)
The resulting notification after the number of rings is detected
includes the parameter again:
NTFY 3002 ds/ds1-3/6@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
X: AB123FE0
O: h/rg(rep=3)
If the parameter is not included in the request, it is also not
included in the report. In that case, the event is reported as
soon as ringing is detected.
Distinctive Ringing (r0, r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6 or r7):
As with the "rg" event, if the "rep" parameter is included when
one of these is requested as an event, it is also reported. If it
is not requested with the parameter, then the parameter is also
not included in the report. In that case, the event is reported
as soon as ringing with the requested cadence is detected.
Stutter Dial Tone (sl):
Stutter Dial Tone MUST not be parameterized when requested as an
event. However, the "del" parameter is reported.
RQNT 1234 aaln/1@rgw2.example.net
X: AB123FE0
R: h/sl
The resulting notification indicates the delay between the
confirmation tone and the dial tone:
NTFY 3002 ds/ds1-3/6@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
X: AB123FE0
O: h/sl(del=1500)
As with the signal, the report indicates the delay rounded to the
nearest 100 ms.
Visual Message Waiting:
When requested as an event by the Call Agent, it indicates when
the visual message waiting indicator was turned on and off. The
event is not parameterized when it is requested. However, a
parameter is included when it is reported i.e.:
O: l/vmwi(+) to indicate message waiting turned on
O: l/vmwi(-) to indicate message waiting turned off
Note that:
* All TO signals in the handset package can include a "to"
parameter when requested as a signal.
* However, requests to be notified about these events MUST NOT
include the "to" parameter, i.e., the "to" parameter is not
valid in RequestedEvents.
2.6. Supplementary Services Tone Package
Package Name: SST
Version: 0
---------------------------------------------------------------
|Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|cd | Conference Depart | | BR |
|cj | Conference Join | | BR |
|cm | Comfort Tone | | TO infinite |
|cw | Caller Waiting Tone | | TO 30 sec. |
|ht | On Hold Tone | | OO |
|ni | Negative Indication | | TO infinite |
|nu | Number Unobtainable | | TO infinite |
|oc | Operation Complete | x | |
|of | Operation Failure | x | |
|pr | Pay Phone Recognition | | BR |
|pt | Pay Tone | | BR |
----------------------------------------------------------------
Note that default time-out values may be over-ridden by the Call
Agent for any Time-Out signal defined in this package by a "to"
signal parameter. Refer to section 2 of this document, as well as
[1] for details.
The events in this package are defined as follows:
Conference Depart(cd):
Tone used to indicate that a participant has left a conference
call. The tone characteristics are left to the specific gateway
implementation.
Conference Join (cj):
Tone used to indicate that a party has joined a conference call.
The tone characteristics are left to the specific gateway
implementation.
Comfort Tone (cm):
Comfort Tone is used to indicate that the call is being processed
and that the caller should wait. Refer to ITU-T E.182 [10].
Caller Waiting Tone (cw):
Not to be confused with a call-waiting tone, this is a tone
advising a caller that a called station, though busy, has a call
waiting service active. Refer to ITU-T E.182 [10].
Tone on-hold (ht):
A tone used to reassure a calling subscriber who has been placed
on "hold". Refer to ITU-T E.182 [10].
Negative Indication (ni):
A tone advising a subscriber that the request for service cannot
be accepted. Refer to ITU-T E.182 [10]. For North America, this
maps to the re-order tone (see GR-506-CORE [7], Section 17.2.7).
Number Unobtainable Tone (nu):
Refer to ITU-T E.180, supplement 2 [9]. This is also referred to
as "vacant tone" and maps to a "re-order tone" in North America
(see GR-506-CORE [7], Section 17.2.7).
Operation Complete (oc):
The standard definition of operation complete [1].
Operation Failure (of):
The standard definition of operation failure [1].
Pay Phone Recognition (pr):
A tone advising an operator that the endpoint is identified as a
payphone. Refer to ITU-T E.182 [10].
Pay Tone (pt):
A tone indicating that payment is required. Refer to ITU-T E.182
[10].
2.7. Digit Map Extension
Package Name: dm1 ("dm" followed by the number "1")
Version: 0
Extension Digit Map Letters: P
This package defines an Extension Digit Map Letter that is used to
override the shortest possible match behavior for a given entry in a
digit map (see [1]). The letter "P" (for partial match override), at
the end of a digit map entry, instructs the gateway to only consider
that entry a match if the current dial string does not partially
match another entry. For example, given the digit map
([3-7]11|123xxxxxxx|[1-7]xxxxxxP|8xxxP)
and a current dial string of "1234567", we would not consider this a
match (as the rules in [1] would otherwise imply); however a current
dial string of "411" would be considered a match as usual. A current
dial string of "8234" would be considered a match since there is no
other partial match.
Note that the digit map letter "P" is not an event, but simply a
syntactic and semantic digit map extension. Thus, the "P" is not
included in the list of requested or observed events.
Support for this package is strongly RECOMMENDED.
2.8. Signal List Package
Package Name: SL
Version: 0
---------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|---------------------------------------------------------|
| oc | Operation Complete | x | |
| of | Operation Failure | x | |
| s(list) | Signal List | | TO variable |
---------------------------------------------------------
Operation Complete (oc):
This is the standard definition of operation complete from [1].
Operation Failure (of):
This is the standard definition of operation failure from [1].
Signal List(s(<list>)):
The <list> contains a comma-separated list of signals to be played
out. Each of the signals in <list> MUST be either of type BR or
type TO. Semantically, the signal list is still treated as a
single parameterized signal of type Time-Out though. The signals
in the list are played to completion one after the other in the
left to right order specified. The package for each signal in the
list must be specified. For example, to play out the DTMF digits
123456:
S: sl/s(d/1,d/2,d/3,d/4,d/5,d/6)
This will result in the DTMF digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 being
played out in order.
It is illegal to include an OO signal as one of the signals in the
list or to request recursive definitions (signal lists within
signal lists). If this or any other unsupported signal is
included, error code 538 (event/signal parameter error) MUST be
returned by the gateway.
Note that as the gateway plays the ordered list of signals, if it
encounters a TO signal with an infinite timeout, it will continue
to play that signal until the Signal List signal is stopped (i.e.,
other signals later in the list will never be played).
If the operation complete ("oc") event is requested, it will be
detected once, when the last signal in the list has been played
out (regardless of whether there are any TO signals in the list).
The operation complete event will only report the signal list name
itself, i.e., without the parameters supplied as in:
O: sl/oc(sl/s)
Should any of the signals in the signal list result in an error,
an operation failure event for the Signal List signal MUST be
generated. Only the signal list name will be included, thus it is
not possible to determine which of the signals in the signal list
actually failed.
Note that if an event occurs while the "SL/S" signal is playing,
the "SL/S" signal is stopped in the following manner:
* If the signal in the list that was playing at the time the
event occurred is of type BR, then the BR signal will be
played to completion and no other signals in the list will
be played.
* If the signal in the list that was playing at the time the
event occurred is of type TO, then the TO signal will stop
immediately and no other signals in the list will be played.
2.9. Media Format Parameter Package
Package Name: FM
Version: 0
This package provides support for the media format parameter Local
Connection Option (LCO). The media format parameter LCO is similar
to the "fmtp" attribute in SDP [15] and is applicable to all of the
same media formats that the corresponding SDP fmtp attribute could be
used with (i.e., media format parameters for any media format MIME
type). The media format parameter is encoded as the keyword "fmtp"
or "o-fmtp", followed by a colon and a quoted string beginning with
the media format name (MIME subtype only) followed by a space,
followed by the media format parameters associated with that media
format. For simplicity, we will use the terms "codec" and "media
format" interchangeably in the following. Multiple formats may be
indicated by either repeating the "fmtp" local connection option
multiple times, such as:
L:a:codec1;codec2, fmtp:"codec1 formatX", fmtp:"codec2 formatY"
or alternatively by having a single "fmtp" keyword followed by a
colon, and a semi-colon separated list of quoted strings for each
media format parameter, as in:
L:a:codec1;codec2, fmtp:"codec1 formatX";"codec2 formatY"
The two formats may be mixed.
If it is possible for the same codec to be requested with and without
the special "fmtp" format, the following could result:
L:a:codec1;codec1, fmtp:"codec1 formatX"
However, it would not be clear if the fmtp parameter was to be
applied to the first or the second occurrence of the codec. The
problem with that is, that codec ordering is important (i.e., codecs
are listed in preferred order), and the above syntax does not provide
a way to indicate if "formatX" is preferred (i.e., associated with
the first "codec1") or not (i.e., associated with the second
"codec1"). In order to resolve this dilemma, when the same codec is
requested with multiple formats, the codec name in the "fmtp" format
string is followed by a colon and an <order>, where <order> is a
number from one to N for N occurrences of the same codec in the codec
list i.e.:
L:a:codec1;codec1, fmtp:"codec1:2 formatX"
indicates that "formatX" is associated with the second instance of
"codec1" in the "a:codec1;codec1" list. If an invalid instance
number is supplied (e.g., instance 3 where there are only two
instances), then error code 524 - inconsistency in local connection
options will be returned.
Pre-pending "fmtp" with the string "o-" (i.e., "o-fmtp") indicates
that the format is optional. In that case, the gateway may decide
not to use the fmtp parameter specified, or only use it in part.
If the "fmtp" in an LCO is not optional (i.e., does not have "o-" in
front of it), and the LCO value is either not recognized or not
supported, then the associated codec is considered "not supported".
When auditing capabilities, the "fmtp" local connection option MUST
be returned with a semi-colon separated list of supported formats
and/or multiple independent "fmtp" parameters as in:
A: a:telephone-event, fmtp:"telephone-event 0-15,32-35",...
A: a:PCMU;G729, fmtp:"PCMU foo";"PCMU bar", fmtp:"G729 foobar",...
One example uses the media format parameter LCO in conjunction with
the media format "telephone-event", as defined in RFC 2833 [33]. If
the media format "telephone-event" is used without the "fmtp" media
format parameter, the DTMF digits (telephone events 0-15 from RFC
2833 [33]) are assumed - such practice is however discouraged. On
the other hand, the media format parameter LCO MAY be used to specify
the exact set of events that are being requested via RFC 2833 [33].
Example:
L: a:PCMU;telephone-event,fmtp:"telephone-event 16"
indicates that if telephone events are supported at all, then this
request is specifically for event 16.
In another case, the Call Agent may indicate that some format
parameters are "required", while others are optional. In the example
below, telephone events 0-15 are a "must", while telephone events 16,
70 and 71 are optional.
L: a:PCMU;telephone-event, o-fmtp:"telephone-event 16,70,71",
fmtp:"telephone-event 0-15"
If the gateway cannot support telephone events 0-15, it MUST NOT
include the "telephone-event" media format in the SDP in its
response. On the other hand, if it can support those telephone
events, it SHOULD indicate support for those events, as well as any
of the events 16, 70 and 71 that it supports.
If a request is made to audit the capabilities of an endpoint, and
the endpoint supports the "telephone event" media format with events
"0-16", then the audit would include the following:
A: a:telephone-event, fmtp: "telephone-event 0-16"
Another example is the use of redundancy with RFC 2198 [32]. Again,
the format of the fmtp string is similar to that used in the SDP
except that the literal string ("red" in this case) is used rather
than the payload type:
L: a:G729;pcmu;red,fmtp:"red pcmu/g729"
The corresponding media description in the SDP as part of the
connection request acknowledgment might look like:
m=audio 12345 RTP/AVP 98 18 0
a=rtpmap:98 red/8000/1
a=fmtp:98 0/18
If we combine both telephone events and redundancy, an example local
connection option might look as follows (carriage return added for
formatting reasons here):
L: a:G729;pcmu;red;telephone-event,fmtp:"red pcmu/g729",
fmtp: "telephone-event 16"
Note that we again specify the literal string for the encoding method
rather than its payload type. This is a general principle that
should be used with this LocalConnectionOption.
The corresponding SDP might appear as follows:
m=audio 12345 RTP/AVP 97 98 18 0
a=rtpmap:97 red/8000/1
a=fmtp:97 0/18
a=rtpmap:98 telephone event
a=fmtp:98 16
Note that the fmtp LCO may be used in any situation where the
corresponding SDP attribute may be used. An example of a local
connection option that involves a media type other than audio and a
"foobar" fmtp parameter:
L: a:image/tiff, fmtp:"tiff foobar"
Note that normally local connection options that are associated with
a package should have the package prefix included as per the package
extension rules in [1]. The "fmtp" and "o-fmtp" LCO in the "FM"
package are an exception. The package prefix is not included in the
case of the "fmtp" and "o-fmtp" local connection options because they
were created before the extension rules in [1] were defined.
These two LocalConnectionOptions have been registered with IANA.
2.10. RTP Package
Package Name: R
Version: 1
-------------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| co1 | Continuity Tone (single | C | TO,C 3 sec. |
| | or return tone) | | |
| co2 | Continuity Test (go tone, | C | TO,C 3 sec. |
| | in dual tone procedures) | | |
| iu(..) | ICMP Unreachable | C | |
| | Received | | |
| ji(..) | Jitter Buffer Size Changed | C | |
| ma | Media Start | C | |
| oc | Operation Complete | x | |
| of | Operation Failure | x | |
| pl(..) | Packet Loss Exceeded | C | |
| qa | Quality Alert | C | |
| rto(..) | RTP/RTCP Timeout | C | |
| sr | Sampling Rate Changed | C | |
| uc | Used Codec Changed | C | |
-------------------------------------------------------------
Changes in event types: "co1" and "co2" signals changed from OO to
TO.
New events added to this package from the previously unversioned
package: "iu", "rto", "ma".
Note that default time-out values may be over-ridden by the Call
Agent for any Time-Out signal defined in this package by a "to"
signal parameter. Refer to section 2 of this document, as well as
[1] for details.
The events in this package all refer to media streams (connections),
i.e., they cannot be detected on an endpoint. Furthermore, with the
exception of the "iu" event, which is defined for any type of media,
all other events in this package are defined for RTP media streams
only (i.e., if they are used on connections that do not use RTP, the
behavior is not defined).
Signals requested (e.g., "co1" and "co2") must indicate the
connection ID (e.g., "S: r/co1@connectionID"). An event may be
requested for all existing connections using the "*" wildcard for the
connectionID as described in [1].
Example:
R: r/uc@* (request to detect uc on all connections) or
R: r/uc@connectionID (request to detect uc only on a specific
connection)
An event detected on a connection will include the connectionID,
e.g.:
O: r/uc@connectionID(15)
Continuity tones (co1 and co2):
These are the same as the events defined in the Trunk package,
except in this case, they are only played over a network
connection and the connectionID MUST be supplied (e.g., "s:
r/co1@connectionID"). They can be used in conjunction with the
Network LoopBack (netwloop) or Network Continuity Test (netwtest)
modes to test the continuity of an RTP circuit. However, in the
case of testing IP continuity, a one-tone test is sufficient i.e.,
generating and detecting "co1" at one end, with connection mode in
network loopback mode at the other end. Note that the test can
also be done using telephone events rather than tones, i.e., event
167 in RFC 2833 [33] corresponds to "co1". In this case,
connection requests are made with local connection options such
as:
L: a:PCMU;telephone-event,fmtp:"telephone-event 167"
in order to request support for telephone event 167. If both ends
support the event, then the network loopback proceeds as usual,
except that telephone events corresponding to the co1 tone are
sent, as opposed to the co1 tone itself.
ICMP Unreachable Received (iu):
This event indicates that some number of ICMP unreachable packets
[19] was received for this connection since an RQNT was received
requesting this event. This notification indicates that packets
that were sent by the gateway on this connection either did not
arrive at their destination or were not accepted (e.g., the port
was closed). When this event is requested, a single parameter
with a decimal number from 1 to 255 may be included to indicate
the number of ICMP un-reachable packets that must occur before the
event is notified. If no parameter is supplied, with the request
then a default value of 3 is assumed. This is a one-shot event in
that once the event occurs, a further request is required in order
to re-initiate counting.
The observed event is parameterized with two parameters:
* The first parameter is the number of ICMP unreachable
packets received (i.e., the same value that was included in
the request - or the value 3, if the requested event was not
parameterized)
* The second parameter is the error code indicated in the ICMP
unreachable packet, e.g.:
0 = net unreachable;
1 = host unreachable;
2 = protocol unreachable;
3 = port unreachable;
4 = fragmentation needed and DF set;
5 = source route failed.
etc.
An example of a request might be as follows:
RQNT 2001 ds/ds1-3/6@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
X: 0123456789B0
R: r/iu@364823(N)(5)
In this case, a notify will occur if 5 ICMP port unreachable
packets are received as a result of RTP and/or RTCP packets being
sent from this gateway on the connection with connection ID
364823.
The resulting NTFY with observed events might be as follows:
NTFY 3002 ds/ds1-3/6@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
X: 0123456789B0
O: r/iu@364823(5,3)
The first parameter indicates 5 ICMP unreachable packets were
received since the RQNT with this request was sent. The second
parameter ("3") specifies the reason, which in this case, is "port
unreachable".
Jitter Buffer Size Changed (ji):
This event is only included here to maintain compatibility with
the previous version of this package. This event is used to
indicate that the gateway has made an adjustment to the depth of
the jitter buffer. The syntax for requesting notification is
"ji", which tells the media gateway that the controller wants
notification of any jitter buffer size changes. The syntax for
notification from the media gateway to the controller is
"JI(####)", where the #### is a decimal number from 1 to 65536,
indicating the new size of the jitter buffer in milliseconds.
Media Start (ma):
The media start event occurs on a connection when the first valid
RTP media packet is received on the connection. This event can be
used to synchronize a local signal, e.g., ringback, with the
arrival of media from the other party.
The event is detected on a connection. If no connection is
specified, the event applies to all connections for the endpoint,
regardless of when the connections are created (i.e., if a
connection is not specified, the event will occur when the first
valid RTP packet arrives on any one of the connections on that
endpoint).
Operation complete (oc):
This is the standard definition of operation complete [1].
Operation failure (of):
This is the standard definition of operation failure [1].
Packet Loss Exceeded (pl):
Packet loss rate exceeds the threshold of the specified decimal
number (with a range of 1 to 100,000) of packets per 100,000
packets, where the packet loss number is indicated in parenthesis.
For example, PL(10) is a drop rate of 10 in 100,000 packets. This
event is requested with a parameter indicating at what packet loss
rate the Call Agent wishes to be reported. If the packet loss
exceeds that value, the event is reported with that same
parameter. The event is only reported once when the packet loss
threshold is exceeded. Once reported, a following request will
re-initiate packet loss measurements and report when the threshold
is exceeded again.
Quality alert (qa):
The packet loss rate or the combination of delay and jitter
exceeding a quality threshold. The quality thresholds for delay,
jitter and packet loss rate are provisioned values.
RTP/RTCP Timeout (rto(<timeout>,st=<start-time>)):
This event indicates that neither RTP nor RTCP packets have been
received on this connection for a period of time equal to the
<timeout> value (in seconds). The timeout value can be supplied
as a decimal number from 1 to 65535 in the parameter when the
request is made. The <timeout> parameter will be supplied in
ObservedEvents when the event is reported - it then simply repeats
the value used. If an RTP or RTCP packet is received before the
timer expires, then the timer is reset and re-started. The event
will only be generated if the timer expires without an RTP or RTCP
packet arriving on the specified connection during the specified
period of time. Note that if the event is requested without the
<timeout> parameter, then a default timeout of 60 seconds is
assumed. The <timeout> value will still be reported in
ObservedEvents, even if no timeout value was indicated in the
request (the default value will be indicated in that case). This
is a one-shot event in that once the event occurs, a further
request is required in order to re-initialize the timer.
Another optional <start-time> parameter may also be included.
This is used to indicate when the timer starts. It can have one
of the following values:
* "im" for immediate i.e., the timer starts as soon as the
request is received. This is the default.
* "ra" to indicate that the timer should start only after an
RTCP packet has been received from the other end (i.e., the
timer will be initiated when the first RTCP packet is
received after the request is made). Note that in the case
where the other end does not support RTCP, the timer will
never be initiated.
Note that either the <timeout> or <start-time> may be included in
the request, but only the <timeout> value is included in the
report.
An example of a request might be as follows:
RQNT 2001 ds/ds1-3/6@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
X: 0123456789B0
R: r/rto@364823(N)(120,st=im)
In this case, a notify will occur if there is a period of time
when no RTP or RTCP packets have been received on connection
364823 for 120 seconds.
The resulting NTFY with observed events would be as follows:
NTFY 3002 ds/ds1-3/6@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
X: 0123456789B0
O: r/rto@364823(120)
Sampling Rate Changed (sr):
This event is only included here to maintain compatibility with
the previous version of this package. This event indicates that
the packetization period changed to some decimal number in
milliseconds enclosed in parenthesis, as in SR(20).
Used Codec Changed (uc):
This event is only included here to maintain compatibility with
the previous version of this package. This event is requested
without a parameter, but when reported, the hexadecimal payload
type is enclosed in parenthesis, as in UC(8), to indicate the
codec was changed to PCM A-law. Codec Numbers are specified in
RFC 3551 [26], or in a new definition of the audio profiles for
RTP that replaces this RFC.
2.11. Resource Reservation Package
Package Name: RES
Version: 0
2.11.1. Description
The "RES" package provides local connection option support for
resource reservations as well as an event to indicate reservation
loss.
A number of LocalConnectionOption parameters are used in doing
resource reservations: "reservation request", "reservation
direction", "reservation confirmation" and "resource sharing".
Reservation Request LocalConnectionOption: The gateways can be
instructed to perform a reservation on a given connection using RSVP.
When a reservation is needed, the Call Agent will specify the
reservation profile that should be used, which is either "controlled
load" or "guaranteed service". The absence of reservation can be
indicated by asking for the "best effort" service, which is the
default value for this parameter.
Whether or not RSVP will be done is dependent on whether the
reservation request LocalConnectionOption parameter has been included
in a connection request for this connection (with either "controlled
load" or "guaranteed service" indicated). If a modify connection
(MDCX) request requires a change in the reservation and the
"reservation request" parameter is not included in the
LocalConnectionOptions, but was included in the
LocalConnectionOptions for a previous connection request for that
connection, then the "reservation request" value defaults to its
previously saved value for that connection. If a modify connection
(MDCX) request explicitly contains a "reservation request",
indicating a request for "best effort" for a connection that has an
existing reservation, the existing reservation will be torn down.
Reservation Direction LocalConnectionOption:
When reservation has been requested on a connection, the gateway
will examine the reservation direction LocalConnectionOption
parameter to determine the direction that the reservations require
and do the following:
* Start emitting RSVP "PATH" messages if the reservation
direction LocalConnectionOptions parameter specified "send-
only" or "send-receive".
* Start emitting RSVP "RESV" messages as soon as it receives
"PATH" messages if the reservation direction parameter
specified "receive-only" or "send-receive".
If an RSVP reservation is requested, but the reservation direction
LocalConnectionOption parameter is missing, the reservation
direction defaults to the previously saved value of the
reservation direction parameter for that connection. If there was
no previous reservation direction parameter for that connection,
the value is deduced from the connection mode. That is:
* Start emitting RSVP "PATH" messages if the connection is in
"send-only", "send-receive", "conference", "network loop
back" or "network continuity test" mode (if a remote
connection descriptor has been received).
* Start emitting RSVP "RESV" messages as soon as it receives
"PATH" messages if the connection is in "receive-only",
"send-receive", "conference", "network loop back" or
"network continuity test" mode.
Reservation Confirmation LocalConnectionOption:
Another LocalConnectionOption parameter for RSVP reservations is
the reservation confirmation parameter, which determines what the
resource reservation pre-condition (see [1]) is for acknowledging
a successful connection request:
* If the reservation confirmation parameter is set to "none",
the gateway will "Ack" the connection request without
waiting for reservation completion. This is the default
behavior.
* If the "reservation confirmation" parameter is set to
"send-only", the gateway will "Ack" when the PATH message
has been sent and the corresponding RESV is received to
indicate successful reservation in the send direction.
* If the "reservation confirmation" parameter is set to
"receive-only", the gateway will "Ack" when reservation
confirm for a reservation has been received.
* If the reservation confirmation parameter is set to "send-
receive", the gateway will "Ack" only after the PATH message
has been sent and the corresponding RESV has been received
for send direction, and reservation confirm has been
received for the receive direction.
Note that:
Values "receive-only" and "send-receive" are triggers for the
gateway to request reservation confirm (RESVCONF) when it sends
out the RESV.
Pre-conditions SHOULD only be added for the direction(s) for which
resource reservations have been requested. If a direction is
added as a pre-condition, and that direction was not requested in
the resource reservation, the direction MUST simply be ignored as
a pre-condition.
In this approach, resource reservation success is the pre-
condition to final acknowledgement of the connection request. If
the reservation fails, the connection request also fails (error
code 404 - insufficient bandwidth) - as will any other part of the
transaction, e.g., a notification request included as part of the
connection request. A typical example of this would be a request
to ring the phone and look for off-hook, included with the
connection request. If the reservation fails, the phone will not
ring. Similarly, if the phone is already off-hook, the command
fails and there will be no resource reservation.
A provisional response SHOULD be provided if confirmation is
expected to occur outside the normal retry timers and in fact a
provisional response MUST be provided if the reservation
confirmation parameter has value "send-receive" (without a
provisional response, SDP information cannot be returned until the
final "Ack" which will not occur until the reservation is
complete. This can result in a deadlock since the SDP information
typically needs to be passed to the other end in order for it to
initiate the RSVP PATH message in the other direction). The SDP
information and connectionID MUST be included in both the
provisional response and the final response. Note that in order
to ensure rapid detection of a lost final response, final
responses issued after provisional responses for a transaction
SHALL be acknowledged, i.e., they SHALL include an empty
"ResponseAck" parameter in the final response (see [1]).
If the transaction time is outside the expected bounds (time
T-HIST - see the section on provisional responses in [1]), error
code 406 (transaction timeout) SHOULD be returned.
Also note that if the reservation confirmation parameter is
omitted, the value of the reservation confirmation parameter
defaults to its previously saved value. If there is no previously
saved value for the reservation confirmation parameter, or the
reservation confirmation parameter has the value "none", then
successful resource reservation is not a pre-condition to
providing an acknowledgement to the connection request (i.e., the
gateway can "Ack" right away without waiting for the reservation
to complete and a provisional response will not be necessary).
Resource Sharing LocalConnectionOption:
It may be possible to share network resources across multiple
connections. An example is a call-waiting scenario, where only
one connection will ever be active at a time. In a 3-way calling
scenario with a similar set of connections, sharing is not
possible. Only the Call Agent knows what may be possible,
depending on the feature that is being invoked.
In order to allow the Call Agent to indicate that sharing is
possible, a resource sharing LocalConnectionOption parameter is
introduced. This parameter can have one of the following values:
* A value "$" can be specified where $ refers to "this
connection". This value is used when doing a create
connection and indicates the intent to share resources with
this connection.
* A connection ID can be specified which indicates that this
is a request to share resources with the connection having
this connection ID (allowing multiple connections to share
resources with the connection indicated).
* The value can be empty, which indicates a request to no
longer share the resources of this connection with other
connections.
In the case of a CRCX, the default value for the resource sharing
local connection option is empty, and for an MDCX, the default
value is its current value.
The RSVP filters will be deduced from the characteristics of the
connection. The RSVP resource profiles will be deduced from the
connection's bandwidth and packetization period.
Note that if RSVP is used with PacketCable Dynamic Quality of Service
[35], then the parameters in NCS [36] would be used instead of the
reservation direction, confirmation and reservation sharing
parameters described here.
2.11.2. Parameter Encoding
The Local Connection Options for the "RES" package consist of the
following:
* The resource reservation parameter, encoded as the keyword "r",
followed by a colon and the value "g" (guaranteed service),
"cl" (controlled load) or "be" (best effort).
* The reservation direction parameter, encoded as the keyword
"r-dir" followed by a colon and the value "sendonly",
"recvonly" or "sendrecv".
* The reservation confirmation parameter, encoded as the keyword
"r-cnf" followed by a colon and the value "none", "sendonly",
"recvonly" or "sendrecv".
* The resource sharing parameter, encoded as the keyword "r-sh"
followed by a colon and either:
* The wild-card character "$" indicating this connection,
indicating future plans to share resources with this
connection, or
* A connection ID, indicating a request to share resources
with the connection having the specified connection ID
(and all other connections sharing resources with that
connection), or
* An empty value (i.e., "r-sh:" with no value indicated),
indicating a request to no longer share the resources of
this connection with other connections
Note that normally local connection options that are associated with
a package have the package prefix included as per the package
extension rules in [1]. The local connection options in the "RES"
package are exceptions. The package prefix is not included in the
case of the "RES" package because it was created before the extension
rules in [1] were defined.
2.11.3. Events
The following events are included as part of the resource reservation
package:
------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|------------------------------------------------------|
| re | Resource Error | C | |
| rl | Resource Lost | C | |
------------------------------------------------------
Resource Error (re):
This is an indication that an error in the resource reservation
occurred during the life of the connection. This event is not
requested with a parameter, but is reported with a parameter (see
possible values below). This event may or may not indicate the
permanent loss of the reservation (i.e., any error associated with
the reservation whether permanent or temporary will be reported).
If requested on an endpoint (without specifying the connection
ID), the request refers to all present and future connections on
that endpoint. When reported, the connectionID is always supplied
along with a reason for the error indicated as a parameter. One
of the following possible reasons for loss MUST be included as the
parameter when the event is reported:
- "resverr" is used to indicate that a ResvErr message was
received.
- "patherr" is used to indicate that a PathErr message was
received.
- "other"
In addition to a parameter indicating one of the reasons above,
additional information on the type of error MAY be included as a
second parameter in the form of a quoted string.
Example report might include:
O: res/rl@0A3F58(resverr)
or
O: res/rl@0A3F58(resverr, "some additional commentary")
Note that this event will not be reported if an error occurs while
a resource reservation is initially being set up (i.e., the event
was only reported as a result of an error that occurred after the
reservation was set up).
Resource Lost (rl):
Loss of reservation during the life of a connection can be
reported by using the "rl" event. This event is not requested
with a parameter, but is reported with a parameter (see below for
possible values). If requested on an endpoint (without specifying
the connection ID), the request refers to all present and future
connections on that endpoint.
When reported, the connectionID is always supplied along with a
reason for the loss indicated as a parameter. One of the
following possible reasons for loss MUST be supplied as the
parameter when the event is reported:
- "resvtear" indicating that the reservation loss was
indicated by ResvTear message.
- "pathtear" indicating that the reservation loss was
indicated by PathTear message.
- "other"
In addition to a parameter indicating one of the reasons above,
additional information on the type of error MAY be included as a
second parameter in the form of a quoted string.
Example report might include:
O: res/rl@0A3F58(ResvTear)
or
O: res/rl@0A3F58(ResvTear, "some other commentary")
Note that this event will not be reported if an error occurs while
a resource reservation is initially being set up (i.e., the event
is only reported if the reservation was lost after it was
initially set up).
2.12. Announcement Server Package
Package Name: A
Version: 1
---------------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S Duration |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| ann(url) | Play an Announcement | | TO, C variable |
| oc | Operation Complete | x | |
| of | Operation Failure | x | |
---------------------------------------------------------------
Changes from the previous version: change to conform to standard
reporting of operation failure and operation complete events.
The announcement signal is qualified by a URL name:
S: ann(http://scripts.example.net/all-lines-busy.au)
The URL name MAY be followed by a list of initial parameters,
separated by commas. However, standard parameters are not included
as part of this package definition (Note: use of additional
parameters is optional and would result in a proprietary interface).
The gateway SHOULD support one or more standard URL schemes such as:
* file, http, ftp (RFC 1738 [28]), which indicate where the audio
file is located (where to load the file from before playing the
audio file on the gateway).
* RTSP URL (section 3.2 of RFC 2326 [29]), which in this case
allows the media gateway to directly initiate playing of the
announcement via an RTSP server.
The pre-condition for a successful response (return code of "200") is
correct syntax and capability (support is available for this
request). Standard MGCP return codes apply in the case of failure.
Further indications of failure are provided in the operation failure
event as a comment after the name of the failed event in the form of
a quoted string.
If the announcement cannot be played out for a reason determined
after a successful response to the request has been provided, an
operation failure event will be returned. The failure MAY be
explained by some commentary (in the form of a quoted string), as in:
O: a/of(a/ann,"file not found")
The "operation complete" event will be detected when the announcement
is played out.
O: a/oc(a/ann)
2.13. Script Package
Package Name: Script
Version: 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S | Duration |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| ir(..) | Intermediate Results/Req.| x | BR | |
| java(url,...) | Load & Run java script | | TO | variable |
| oc | operation complete | x | | |
| of | operation failure | x | | |
| perl(url,...) | Load & Run perl script | | TO | variable |
| tcl(url,...) | Load & Run TCL script | | TO | variable |
| vxml(url,...) | Load & Run VXML doc. | | TO | variable |
| xml(url,...) | Load & Run XML script | | TO | variable |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Changes from the previous version of the package: "vxml" was added as
a language type for loading and running VXML documents; change to
conform with standard reporting of operation failure and operation
complete events; addition of "ir" event.
The current definition defines keywords for the most common
languages. More languages may be defined in later versions of this
package.
The "signal" specifying the scripting language is parameterized with
a URL indicating the location of the script. The URL parameter MAY
be optionally followed by a comma-separated list of arguments as
initial parameters to use in running the script. URL schemes may
include file ftp, or http schemes with syntax according to RFC 2396
[30]. As an example:
S: script/vxml(ftp://ftp.example.net/credit-card.vxml,arg1,arg2,
...,argn)
The argument list "arg1,arg2,...,argn" is passed to the
script/document as a list of initial parameters.
The pre-condition for a successful response (return code of "200") is
correct syntax and capability (support is available for this
request). Standard MGCP return codes apply in the case of failure.
Some further (non-application/script specific) failure indications
MAY be provided in the operation failure event as a comment in the
form of a quoted string following the name of the failed event.
Example
O: script/of(script/vxml,"file not found")
The script produces an output, which consists of one or several text
strings, separated by commas. This provides the return-status of the
script as well as return parameters (if there are any)
O: script/oc(script/vxml,return-status=<status>,
name1=value1,name2=value2,...)
where <status> can have one of the values "success" or "failure".
This is then followed by output parameters as a comma-separated list
of name-value pairs.
Intermediate Result/Request (ir(<params>)):
This provides a way for:
* The script to inform the Call Agent of intermediate results
(e.g., a case where it is important because of timing
concerns to inform the Call Agent prior to operation
complete).
* The script to request some information from the Call Agent.
* The Call Agent to inform the script of some event or
information that may be important for the operation of the
script (in this case "ir" is used as a signal).
Parameters (i.e., <params>) SHOULD be a comma-separated list of
name-value pairs e.g., ir(name1=value1,name2=value2,..). The Call
Agent MAY include event parameters when it requests this event, in
which case, the MGCP syntax requirements require that the action
be specified (e.g., "R: ir(N)(nam1=value1,name2=value2,..)").
If the Call Agent requests "ir" as a signal, at least one
parameter MUST be provided.
When requesting the "ir" signal, the Call Agent MUST also repeat
the original script signal. This is in order to be consistent
with the semantics of TO signals in MGCP (i.e., if the original
"script" signal is not included, then the signal/script will be
stopped). The only problem with this is that there is a possible
race condition in which a request to send an "ir" signal could
occur just as the script stopped. In order to avoid this
confusion, the following is RECOMMENDED: when the script signal is
included with an "ir" signal, include a parameter (of the script
signal) to indicate that this is not a new instance of the script
i.e., if there is no script executing at the present time do not
start executing a new one.
The "ir" signal is only associated with an executing script. If
none are running when a request for the event/signal is made, or
if a new script request is not included with the request, then the
"ir" signal/event will not be executed (i.e., the "ir" event with
its parameters is passed to an existing script for parsing and
execution and is considered opaque as far as MGCP as concerned.
If no such script exists, response code "800" will be returned,
indicating that the script is not executing).
The following response code is associated with this package:
Code Text Explanation
800 Script not Request for "ir" signal or event
Executing but no script is executing at the
time the request was received.
Note that package specific error codes include the package name
following the error code. For example, if error code 800 occurs
in response to a request with a transaction ID of 1001, it would
be sent as:
800 1001 /SCRIPT
3. IANA Considerations
The following packages and their versions have been registered with
IANA as per the instructions in [1].
Package Title Name Version
------------- ---- -------
Announcement A 1
DTMF D 1
Digit Map Extension DM1 0
Media Format FM 0
Generic G 1
Handset H 1
Line L 1
RTP R 1
Resource Reservation RES 0
Script SCRIPT 1
Supplementary Tones SST 0
Signal List SL 0
Trunk T 1
The following extension digit map letter has been registered with
IANA:
Package Letter
------- ------
DM1 P
The following Local Connections have been registered with IANA:
Field Name
------- -----
Media Format fmtp
Reservation Confirmation r-cnf
Reservation Direction r-dir
Resource Sharing r-sh
4. Security Considerations
The MGCP packages contained in this document do not require any
further security considerations beyond those indicated in the base
MGCP specification [1].
5. Acknowledgements
Special thanks are due to the authors of the original MGCP 1.0
specification: Mauricio Arango, Andrew Dugan, Isaac Elliott,
Christian Huitema, and Scott Picket.
Thanks also to the reviewers of this document, including but not
limited to: Jerry Kamitses, Sonus Networks; Dave Auerbach, Dan Wing,
Cisco Systems; Ed Guy, EMC Software; Martin Wakley, Nortel Networks.
6. References
6.1. Normative References
[1] Andreasen, F. and B. Foster, "Media Gateway Control Protocol
(MGCP) Version 1.0", RFC 3435, January 2003.
[2] Bellcore, "LSSGR: Switching System Generic Requirements for Call
Control Using the Integrated Services Digital Network User Part
(ISDNUP)", GR-317-CORE, Issue 2, December 1997.
[3] ITU-T, "Telephone User Part Signaling Procedures", ITU-T Q.724,
November 1988.
[4] ANSI, "OAM&P - Terminating Test Line Access and Capabilities",
T1.207-2000.
[5] Bellcore, "Notes on the Network", Special Report SR-2275, Issue
3, December 1997.
[6] Bellcore, "Call Processing" GR-505-CORE, Issue 1, December 1997.
[7] Bellcore, "LSSGR: Signaling for Analog Interfaces", GR-506-CORE,
Issue 1, June 1996.
[8] ITU-T, "Technical Characteristics of Tones for the Telephone
Service", ITU-T E.180, March 1998.
[9] ITU-T, "Various Tones Used in National Networks", ITU-T E.180,
Supplement 2, January 1994.
[10] ITU-T, "Applications of Tones and Recorded Announcements in
Telephone Services", ITU-T E.182, March 1998.
[11] Bellcore, "Call Forwarding Sub-Features FSD-01-02-1450, GR-586,
Issue 1, June 2000.
[12] Bellcore, "CPE Compatibility Considerations for the Voiceband
Data Transmission Interface", SR-TSV-002476, December 1992.
[13] Bellcore, "LSSGR: Visual Message Waiting Indicator Generic
Requirements (FSD 01-02-2000)", GR-1401, Issue 01, June 2000.
[14] Bellcore, "LSSGR Voiceband Data Transmission Interface", Section
6.6, GR-30-CORE, Issue 02, December 1998.
[15] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description
Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998.
[16] Bellcore, "LSSGR: Call Waiting, FSD 01-02-1201", GR-571, Issue
01, June 2000.
[17] Bellcore, "LSSGR: Verification Connections FSD 25-05-0903", GR-
531-CORE, Issue 1, June 2000.
[18] Bellcore, " LSSGR: CLASS Feature: Calling Identity Delivery on
Call Waiting, FSD 01-02-1090, GR-575, Issue 01, June 2000.
[19] Postel, J., "Internet Control Message Protocol", STD 5, RFC 792,
September 1981.
[20] Bellcore, "Class Feature: Screen Editing (FSD 30-28-0000)", GR-
220, Issue 2, April 2002.
[21] ITU-T, "Procedure for document facsimile transmission in the
general switched telephone network", ITU-T T.30, April 1999.
[22] ITU-T, "300 bits per second duplex modem standardized for use in
the general switched telephone network", ITU-T V.21, November
1988.
[23] Telcordia Technologies, "Telcordia Technologies Specification of
Signaling System Number 7", GR-246-CORE, Issue 7, December 2002.
[24] Telcordia Technologies, "LSSGR: CLASS Feature: Calling Name
Delivery Generic Requirements (FSD 01-02-1070)", GR-1188, Issue
02, December 2000.
[25] Telcordia Technologies, "LSSGR: CLASS Feature: Calling Number
Delivery (FSD 01-02-1051)", GR-31, Issue 01, June 2000.
[26] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and Video
Conferences with Minimal Control", RFC 3551, July 2003.
[27] Braden, R., Ed., Zhang, L., Berson, S., Herzog, S. and S. Jamin,
"Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1 Functional
Specification", RFC 2205, September 1997.
[28] Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L. and M. McCahill, Eds., "Uniform
Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December 1994.
[29] Schulzrinne, H., Rao, A. and R. Lanphier, "Real Time Streaming
Protocol (RTSP)", RFC 2326, April 1998.
[30] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R. and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource
Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", RFC 2396, August 1998.
[31] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
6.2. Informative References
[32] Perkins, C., Kouvelas, I., Hodson, O., Hardman, V., Handley, M.,
Bolot, J.C., Vega-Garcia, A. and S. Fosse-Parisis, "RTP Payload
for Redundant Audio Data", RFC 2198, September 1997.
[33] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Petrack, "RTP Payload for DTMF Digits,
Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals", RFC 2833, May 2000.
[34] Foster, B., "MGCP CAS Packages", RFC 3064, February 2001.
[35] PacketCableTM, Dynamic Quality if Service Specification,
http://www.packetcable.com/downloads/specs/PKT-SP-DQOS-I07-
030815.pdf
[36] PacketCableTM Network-Based Call Signaling Protocol
http://www.packetcable.com/downloads/specs/PKT-SP-EC-MGCP-I08-
030728.pdf
[37] Groves, C., Pantaleo, M., Anderson, T. and T. Taylor, Eds.,
"Gateway Control Protocol Version 1", RFC 3525, June 2003.
[38] Arango, M., Dugan, A., Elliott, I., Huitema, C. and S. Pickett,
"Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Version 1.0", RFC 2705,
October 1999.
7. Authors' Addresses
Bill Foster
Cisco Systems
Phone: +1 250 758 9418
EMail: bfoster@cisco.com
Flemming Andreasen
Cisco Systems
Edison, NJ 08837
EMail: fandreas@cisco.com
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